Cardiac Abnormalities

Introduction: Cancer treatment, especially chemotherapy and radiotherapy, can lead to cardiovascular dysfunctions, such as a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction and electrical dysfunction of the heart, which may consequently compromise patients' quality of life. In this context, physical exercise is a beneficial and promising tool, as it can prevent and minimize the deleterious effects of oncological therapies and their complications. Objective: To evaluate the effect of physical exercise on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) induced by cancer treatment, analyzing the impact of supervised exercise on cardiovascular function and quality of life. Materials and Methods: This is a clinical trial in which the sample will consist of 60 individuals undergoing cancer treatment, who will be stratified and randomized according to cancer stage classification into two groups: Intervention Group (IG) and Control Group (CG). The intervention will last 12 weeks, during which the IG will receive a prescription for physical exercises based on the FITT principle (frequency, intensity, time, and type), three times per week, while the CG will remain under usual care. Data will be presented using descriptive statistics, tests for two independent samples, and multivariate analysis, comparing the intervention effects between the two groups using R software version 4.3.3. Expected Results: Low incidence of CVD, improved heart rate variability, adherence to the exercise protocol, reduced risk for cardiovascular diseases, improvement in fatigue, functional capacity, and quality of life. Data will be collected at baseline, at the 6th week, and at the 12th week of intervention.

Chronic liver disease (CLD) in children can sometimes lead to complications in other parts of the body, including the heart. The primary purpose of this observational study is to assess the presence and type of cardiac problems in children who have been diagnosed with chronic liver disease. Researchers will observe children under the age of 18 who are receiving care at the gastroenterology and hepatology unit at Assiut University Children Hospital. Participants will undergo standard medical evaluations to check both their liver and heart health. These evaluations include: * A detailed medical history and thorough physical examination * Routine blood tests to check liver function, kidney function, coagulation, and electrolytes * Abdominal imaging, such as an ultrasound, to look at the liver. * An electrocardiogram (ECG) to check the heart's electrical activity and rhythm, including measuring the QTc interval. * An echocardiogram to look at the structure of the heart and check how well its chambers and valves are functioning. The study aims to identify specific heart conditions that can be associated with severe liver disease, such as portopulmonary hypertension, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (changes in the heart muscle's function), and electrical repolarization abnormalities. Children who already have known congenital heart disease or a history of other heart problems will not be included in the study.