Cardiac Output, Low

This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the correlation between cardiac index measured by the MostCare™ system (Pressure Recording Analytical Method, PRAM) and cerebral/renal regional oxygen saturation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and arterial lactate levels in neonates and infants (body weight 2.5-3.5 kg, age 0-3 months) undergoing surgical repair of aortic coarctation. Measurements will be recorded at four intraoperative time points: after anesthesia induction, before aortic cross-clamp, 3 minutes after cross-clamp release, and at end of surgery. No additional intervention beyond standard anesthesia and surgical care will be applied.

The purpose of the research is to characterize the effect of labetalol, atenolol, and nifedipine on maternal hemodynamics early in pregnancy. Patients will be given medication based on their hemodynamics and asked to return for a repeat measurement.

This is an observational study in newborn term and preterm infants. The study will validate if non-invasive continuous cardiac output monitoring is feasible in newborn infants, if normative values can be constructed and what is the effect of fluid boluses and inotropes on cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance.