CCUS Clonal Cytopenia of Undetermined Significance

Study researchers think that a drug called enasidenib may help people with clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS) because the drug blocks the mutated IDH2 protein, which may improve blood cell counts. The purpose of this study is to find out whether enasidenib is a safe and effective treatment for CCUS.

People identified to have CH or thought to have possible CH due to unexplained low blood cell counts, including low red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets will be asked to take part in the study. Individuals who are confirmed to have CH and provide informed consent to participate in the study will have monitoring of their CH, assessment of the risk of heart diseases, blood cancers and personalised support. The researchers will also measure people's understanding of CH and how they feel after learning about CH. Researchers will then record the relevant information from people with CH in a central database over time to track long-term health outcomes. The information collected from the study will help create a blueprint for doctors to provide care for people with CH in the future, and guide further research into CH in Australia. Participants will be asked to donate blood samples for the study for research purposes including CH monitoring and testing and also provide health information for the central database.

A registry for the study of the epidemiology, clinical course, and progression of myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS), myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN overlap syndromes), and their precursor syndromes (CHIP, CCUS)

The purpose of this clinical trial is to test how well the drug luspatercept works in improving low blood cell counts in people with clonal cytopenias of uncertain significance (CCUS). The main questions the study seeks to answer include: * How many patients experience improvements in their low blood counts (red cells, platelets, or white cells) within 24 weeks, based on specific criteria for blood conditions like myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)? * How long these improvements last before the condition worsens or changes. * The percentage of participants showing improvements at 12, 24, and 48 weeks. * How long it takes for the condition to progress to more severe diseases like myeloid disorders. * How long red blood cell responses last and how quickly these responses are seen. * The average change in hemoglobin levels over 24 weeks. * How many patients need blood transfusions during the study and how soon transfusions are required. * Changes in participants' well-being and energy levels based on a standardized questionnaire. * Monitoring for any side effects, including progression to MDS or leukemia, heart-related issues, or sudden increases in hemoglobin. Participants will: * Receive luspatercept as an injection every three weeks. * Visit the clinic every three weeks for treatment and monitoring.

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is characterized by the overproduction of blood cells derived from a single hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) harboring certain somatic mutations. It is linked to serious outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, myeloid neoplasm (MN), and increased mortality. Clonal Cytopenia of Uncertain Significance (CCUS) is a CH subtype characterized by associated persistent cytopenia. It affects approximately 10 % of people over 70 and is the most advanced precursor state with the highest risk of progressing to MN. There is an unmet need to determine whether modifying CH can prevent adverse outcomes. Current blood cancer therapies are too toxic for precursor conditions like CH. MOSAIC is a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial that will test a novel low-dose oral epigenetic therapy-decitabine with tetrahydrouridine (Dec+THU) in CCUS. It has shown targeted, non-cytotoxic reversal of common CH mutations in preclinical and early-phase studies. The goal is to develop a safe and effective therapy in CCUS that restores normal blood cell production and prevents progression.