Child Growth

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if a conditional social transfer works to improve rates of complementary breastfeeding. It will also learn about the impacts of social transfers on maternal and child health and development. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does the social transfer increase complementary breastfeeding rates at 24-months postpartum? * Does the social transfer increase complementary breastfeeding duration? * Does the social transfer impact child health and development? * Does the social transfer impact maternal physical and mental health? Researchers will compare a conditional social transfer to a control group that only receives education about breastfeeding recommendations to see if a conditional social transfers works to increase complementary breastfeeding. Participants will: Receive a pamphlet explaining the current recommendations of breastfeeding Receive instructions that if they meet the recommendation to breastfeed until 24-months postpartum they receive a social transfer or receive no additional information Complete home visits at 12- and 24-months postpartum Complete detailed questionnaire

The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to adapt and test a package of interventions to provide nurturing care for children aged 0-2 years in three countries (Botswana, Kenya, Zimbabwe). Mothers living with and without HIV will be enrolled in pregnancy, and their children will be followed for two years. The main objectives of this study are to: * Determine whether the adapted package of interventions improves neurodevelopment among children with and without in utero HIV exposure * Identify why the intervention does or does not impact children's neurodevelopment. Researchers will compare children who receive the intervention package and those who do not to see if the interventions improve child neurodevelopment and growth. Researchers will also compare children with and without HIV exposure to see if there are improvements in neurodevelopment and growth for children who were exposed to HIV. All participants will attend regular prenatal and postnatal care appointments. Participants who are randomized to receive the package of interventions will attend regularly scheduled visits where they will discuss problem-solving strategies, receive information on healthy foods for children, and learn about how to play with their children. Mothers receiving the intervention package will also have the opportunity to meet with other mothers and babies in small groups where their children can play together.