Child Maltreatment

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the roles played by parental activity spaces and social networks in reducing parental substance use and promoting child and family health outcomes in the context of Ohio START (Sobriety, Treatment, and Reducing Trauma) for families in rural areas. This study will investigate if substance use treatment service referrals and family peer mentoring services provided by Ohio START lead to positive changes in parental activity spaces and social networks, and if these positive changes lead to better child and family outcomes. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does having behavioral health services (referred by Ohio START workers) close to where parents spend their time help with substance use recovery and child health? * Does peer mentor support through Ohio START help parents build stronger social connections and family resilience, and does this lead to better long-term family health? * Do these associations differ in rural areas compared to urban areas? Participants will: * Answer survey questions about their substance use, parenting, child health, and family well-being across three waves (Wave 1: when they enroll in the study, Wave 2: 6-month follow-up, and Wave 3: 12-month follow-up) * Share information about places they go regularly (such as work, stores, and healthcare visits) * Share information about people in their support network

The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of the combined interventions, Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR) and Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) or P-STAIR, for treating maternal PTSD and reducing maltreatment recidivism.

The purpose of this study is evaluate the effectiveness of PriCARE/CARIÑO to reduce child maltreatment, improve parent-child interactions, and reduce harsh/neglectful parenting, parent stress, and child behaviors.

The MISAPSY study (Childhood Maltreatment, Food Insecurity, Psychological Distress and Professional Integration Among Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Young Adults) aims to model the complex interrelations between child maltreatment, trauma exposure, food insecurity, and psychological distress among precarious young adults enrolled in French youth employment and social integration services (Mission Locale). Adopting a methodology structured around three complementary components, this study consists of: (1) a cross-sectional survey to identify key associations ; (2) a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews exploring psychologists' subjective experiences, and (3) a longitudinal comparative interventional study involving two different support programs to assess and compare the impact of these interventions on participants' food insecurity and psychological well-being. Using a multi-phase design, MISAPSY seeks to move beyond linear risk-factor models by adopting a systemic and network-based approach to mental health and social vulnerability. The study integrates quantitative analyses, including network analyses, qualitative exploration of professional practices, and comparative longitudinal intervention to inform more holistic, equitable, and transferable models of care for vulnerable young adults.

Smoke Free SafeCare (SFSC) is a proposed braided intervention consisting of two evidence-based interventions: Some Things are Better Outside (STBO), aimed at promoting smoke free home rules, and SafeCare, aimed at reducing child maltreatment and improving mother and child outcomes. STBO is effective in creating smoke free homes and reducing second-hand smoke in low-SES (socioeconomic status) households. SafeCare is an effective parent training program that is broadly disseminated in child protective services in the United States. SafeCare is a promising mechanism to effectively increase the reach of STBO to reduce SHS (secondhand smoke) exposure in families with documented high rates of tobacco use and children with cumulative risk for negative health outcomes.

The goal of this clinical trial is to test the efficacy of Fathers for Change (F4C) compared to standard Batterer Intervention for fathers with a history of Intimate Partner Violence. The main question\[s\] it aims to answer are: 1. Is F4C more efficacious than standard BIP in reducing family violence and child mental health impairment? 2. What are the trajectories of therapeutic change targets across interventions? 3. Does father's emotion regulation and reflective functioning mediate the relationship between the two interventions and child-related outcomes? Participants will be randomized to either Fathers for Change on Batterer Intervention.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Thrive Initiative's parent-education program delivery methods by comparing hybrid (i.e., a combination of online and group components) program delivery to online-only program delivery. The Thrive Initiative consists of four, universal parent-education programs that correpsond to specific child developmental periods. These programs inlcude: Take Root for parents/caregivers of 0-3-year-old children; Sprout for parents/caregivers of 3-5-year-old children; Grow for parents/caregivres of 5-10-year-old children; and Branch Out for parents/caregivers of 10-18-year-old children. The effectiveness of delivery method will be examined for each program. Eligible participants for this study will be United States Air Force service members or dependents who are caregivers of a child 0-18 years old. The study will involve randomization to condition meaning that participants will be assigned to the online-only or hybrid program delivery condition by chance.

The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to compare Promoting First Relationships - Home Visit (PFR-HV) to Promoting First Relationships - Telehealth (PFR-T) among parents of 6-12 month olds in the child welfare system. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Is PFR-T effective relative to PFR-HV and Usual Care with respect to observed parent sensitive and responsive care, parent knowledge of child social and emotional development, and child externalizing behavior? * Is PFR-T effective relative to PFR-HV and Usual Care with respect to child out-of-home placement in foster care relative to the control group? * How does PFR-T compare in a benefit-cost analysis to the cost-effectiveness relative to PFR-HV and Usual Care? * Are eligible families impacted by the lack of technology and Wi-Fi/cellular data to engage in PFR-T? * How does provider adherence and fidelity in delivery of PFR-T compare to adherence and fidelity of PFR-HV? What will participants be asked to do? 1. Participants will be asked to agree to randomization, resulting in their placement in one of three groups: PFR-HV, PFR-T, or the control group. 2. Participants will be asked to participate in three virtual research visits, over the course of approximately 12 months (families could be finished as early as 9 months, however in our experience, intervention sessions and research visits often need to be rescheduled, delaying completion of the study). The research visits take approximately 80 minutes, and families will be paid $75 for each visit they participate in. 3. During the research visit, the families will be asked to participate in videotaped research activities involving parent-child play and interaction. Parents will be asked to answer questions regarding their background, feelings, parenting opinions, and stress. 4. Families randomized to the PFR-HV intervention are asked to participate in a 10 week in home parenting program which includes videotaped caregiver-child interactions and feedback. 5. Families randomized to the PFR-T intervention are asked to participate in a 10-week parenting program that will occur over Zoom, which will include videotaped caregiver-child interactions and feedback. 6. Families randomized to the control group will be emailed a resource packet with some information about services or programs that might be helpful for them.

The goal of this study is to test whether the CrOss System Technical Assistance for Retaining Staff (COSTARS) supervision leadership institute can promote workforce stability and improved implementation outcomes within the Ohio START child welfare program. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Among supervisors, caseworkers, and family peer mentors, what is the effect of COSTARS on staff retention and perceptions of the work environment? * What is the effect of COSTARS on service timeliness, implementation fidelity, and parent outcomes within Ohio START? Researchers will compare public children services agencies implementing COSTARS to those implementing supervision practices as usual to see if there are differences between groups in the outcomes described above. Participating supervisors will: * Complete a 6-hour training workshop in the FOCUS model of supervision. * Participate in monthly group coaching sessions with other supervisors, for approximately one year. * Receive individualized feedback from coaches about their supervision performance.

Phase 1 was a randomized control trial that used a test-retest model to evaluate the impact of iLook Out for Child Abuse, an online, interactive learning module about reporting suspected child abuse. Delivered via a learning management system to early childhood professionals who work with infants and young children, this study assessed iLookOut's effect on 1) knowledge about reporting suspected child abuse; 2) attitudes toward reporting suspected child abuse; and 3) preparedness to protect children at risk. Findings from Phase 1 were that iLookOut will improved knowledge, changed attitudes, and increase self-reported preparedness of early childhood providers to report suspected child abuse. Phase 2 of this trial is an open-enrollment study that records pre-/post- data on the same measurements as Phase 1, and is available for use (free of charge) for all childcare providers in Pennsylvania at https://www.ilookoutforchildabuse.com.

The objectives of this retrospective dental record study, are to increase knowledge of the oral health, - history and -needs of children enrolled at the Childrens Advocacy Centers (CAC)by: * assessing if it is possible to identify oral indicators of child maltreatment. * assessing if and to what degree the children enrolled at CAC are in need of close, adapted and trauma sensitive treatment and follow up at the Public Dental Health Service (PDHS) * assessing if there is a need for new routines in terms of interdisciplinary collaboration and sharing of information between CAC, Child Welfare Services (CWS) and PDHP. By increasing knowledge in regard to child maltreatment and oral health, the study will raise PDHS and CAC ability to prevent, detect and help children being victims of maltreatment, and contribute to strengthen PDHS, CAC and CWS interdisciplinary interaction for the benefit of children at risk.

The "Sentinella" project aims to improve the early recognition and prevention of child maltreatment by creating a digital registry and education network for healthcare professionals. The study will test a new online registry built on the REDCap platform to collect standardized, anonymous data about suspected cases of abuse or neglect. It also includes a structured training program for pediatricians and other healthcare workers to strengthen their skills in identifying and reporting maltreatment. This observational study will assess how easy the registry is to use and whether the training improves participants' knowledge and reporting practices. The project is expected to enhance collaboration between hospitals and community services, reduce reporting delays, and create a model for regional or national systems to protect vulnerable children.

The goal of this clinical trial is to implement and examine the impact of SafeCare Kenya, an adapted parenting program, to improve parents' skills and knowledge related to the care of their children between the ages of 18 months and 5 years old. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Will SafeCare Kenya improve child and parent outcomes? * Is virtual delivery as effective as in-person delivery of SafeCare Kenya? * Is SafeCare Kenya feasible to deliver by community health volunteers? Mothers will: * Complete study assessments at three timepoints: baseline, 6 months and 18 months * Mothers in the SafeCare Kenya group will receive the program from their community health volunteer Researchers will compare SafeCare Kenya to care as usual by community health volunteers to see if SafeCare Kenya families show improvements in parent interaction skills, safety and health knowledge, potential for child abuse, child behavior problems, child injuries, parenting stress, and child and parent quality of life.

The PRESERVE \& CONNECT project is a multi-site randomized control trial of the Breakthrough Parenting Curriculum: Navigating Trauma Across Generations (BPC) in rural and racially and ethnically diverse communities in Vermont and Connecticut.

The goal of this feasibility randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of the Lighthouse Mentalization-Based Treatment Parenting Program (Lighthouse MBT-P) as an intervention for parents at risk of maltreating their children. The study focuses on parents with a history of childhood trauma, aiming to improve parent-child relationships, reduce parenting stress, and ultimately decrease the risk of child maltreatment. The goal of this study is to test how well the Lighthouse Mentalization-Based Treatment Parenting Program (Lighthouse MBT-P) works for parents who may be at risk of harming their children. The program aims to help parents understand and manage their own and their children's emotions better. By improving these skills, the program hopes to reduce stress in parenting and lower the chances of child abuse or neglect. The main questions this study will answer are: * Can parents follow and complete the Lighthouse MBT-P program? * Does the program help lower stress in parenting and improve relationships between parents and their children? Participants in this study will: * Attend weekly group sessions for 12 weeks. These sessions will teach them how to better understand and manage emotions. * Take part in discussions led by trained psychologists. Researchers will compare the results of parents who take part in the Lighthouse MBT-P program with those who receive standard parenting support to see which approach works better.

This Randomized Controlled Trial will test the effectiveness of the Parenting in the Moment (PIM) online parenting program for parents with experiences of forced displacement. The primary objective of this study is to conduct a summative (impact) evaluation of the PIM online parenting program as an in-home parent, skill-based program for parents of school-aged children, using a randomized controlled trial research design with community partnerships that inform the research throughout. The longer-term objectives are to build the evidence-base for in-home parent skill-based programs with strong empirical support (i.e., eligible for listing on the Families First Clearinghouse) and increase access to parenting programs for forcibly displaced families thereby improving child safety and wellbeing and strengthening their public health support. 720 families will be recruited with forced migration backgrounds and within 10 years of arrival in the USA; 360 families will be assigned to the PIMonline program and 360 to a family resource list only, wait-list control group. Families will be recruited using stratified random sampling within the four PIM language groups: English, Spanish, Arabic, French. Within each language, half the families will be assigned to the PIMonline intervention program and the other half will be assigned to receiving a Family Resource List with access to the PIMonline program once the study ends. One parent and one child per eligible family may participate. Data collection with participating families will take place at baseline (T1), 4-months after baseline (T2) and finally, 16 months after baseline (T3). Data collection includes caregiver online surveys, caregiver and child Zoom recorded Family Interaction Task conversations and interviewer administered child surveys for children aged 8-12 at each time point. Standardized, reliable and valid measures in the four languages will be used to assess change in outcomes through the surveys. Longitudinal growth curve analysis will be used to test PIM intervention effects. Our extensive dissemination plan involves nationwide community partners in child welfare and services to forcibly displaced families.

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility, preliminary effects and experiences of the Collaboration-Screening-Referral approach (in Swedish: Samverkan-Screening-Hänvisning - SSH) when used with parents referred to the Swedish child welfare services. The SSH is an approach to screen parents for symptoms of mental illness using structured questionnaires, establish intra-agency collaboration, and refer to mental health services. Additionally, to increase social workers\' competence in assessing and handling mental illness through receiving training in the SSH and administering the screening to parents. The main questions the project aims to answer are: * Are parents engaged with child welfare services willing to undergo screening for symptoms of depression and anxiety? * How have the implementation of the SSH proceeded and to what degree is it sustained? * How do parents and social workers experience the SSH? * Do social workers' behaviors, knowledge and competence relevant to supporting parents with mental illness increase when implementing the SSH? Social workers answer questions before and after their training and after 6 and 12 months. Additionally, social workers and parents will be interviewed. Qualitative and quantitative within-group analyses will be conducted to examine experiences and preliminary effects of the SSH.

The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate how the friendship experiences of maltreated (i.e., abused and/or neglected) and non-maltreated adolescents differentially influence their risk for adverse outcomes. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. How do the friendships of maltreated adolescents differ from those of non-maltreated adolescents? 2. Which friendship experiences influence the associations between maltreatment and ability to regulate stress, as well as future mental health difficulties and revictimization? Participants will: * Attend the initial study visit on the campus of the University of South Carolina with their primary caregiver and a best friend during which they will: * Complete study questionnaires * Be connected to a device that records their physical ability to manage stress * Complete a task during which they will be audio and video recorded and complete a brief assessment rating how they are feeling at different times during task completion * Depending on which research group they are placed in, be assigned to discuss their experience doing this task with their friend (intervention group) or sit quietly in a room for 5 minutes (comparison group) * The follow-up study visit will involve completion of study questionnaires online or via mail 6 months later Additionally, the participant's caregiver and friend will complete study questionnaires. Researchers will compare the intervention group (debriefs with a friend) and comparison group (sits quietly for 5 minutes) to see if the presence of and discussion with the friend influences their physical ability to regulate stress and future outcomes.