Chronic Lung Disease of Newborn

Current evidence suggests that noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is more effective than continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in preventing respiratory failure in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), both as initial and post-extubation support. NIPPV may be delivered in synchronized (sNIPPV) or non-synchronized (nsNIPPV) modes, with sNIPPV offering clear benefits by coordinating support with the infant's own breathing. Recent studies indicate sNIPPV is superior to nsNIPPV in preventing respiratory failure, though the intrapulmonary mechanisms behind this advantage remain unclear. To address this, the present study uses Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) to evaluate how lung volume changes during different types of breaths and ventilator inflations - spontaneous breaths, synchronized inflations, non-synchronized inflations, and backup inflations - in preterm infants receiving sNIPPV.

The objective of this study is to examine the long-term impact of having a child with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) on the parents and caregivers from the time of diagnosis through adulthood. The primary focus will be on parents and caregivers of children until the age of 18 (\< 18) years who were diagnosed with BPD as newborns. Data will be collected through an online questionnaire in France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom (including Northern Ireland), and the United States. It will ask about inclusion and exclusion criteria, background information (caregiver, child, and family situation), the child's medical situation, parental health-related quality of life (HRQoL), health literacy, feelings, support structures, and economic burden of the family.

This observational study aims to compare responses to different, commonly used inhaled bronchodilators in children born preterm with bronchial obstruction at spirometry. All children were diagnosed with Chronic Lung Disease of Immaturity (CLDI). The main questions are: * Is any inhaled bronchodilator or their combination generally superior in children with CLDI when assessing the reversibility of bronchial obstruction? * Is there an individual difference in the effect of betamimetic, anticholinergic or their combination between children with CLDI? Participants will: * Come to our clinic in a stable state without acute infection and they will be randomly assigned to the first inhaled bronchodilator. * They will then perform a spirometry test before and after the inhalation of the drug. * This visit will repeat 3 times, each with a different bronchodilator (beta2agonist, anticholinergic and their combination).