Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

The NEPTUNE triple-blind, active-placebo, adaptive, pragmatic, randomized trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a new intra-venous hydration strategy guided by left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), amount of contrast used, and baseline renal function, to prevent contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) and patient-oriented clinical endpoints in all-comer patients undergoing coronary angiogram and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

All consecutive patients hospitalized from 01.01.2020 to 30.09.2025 who underwent coronary angiography or PCI will be eligible for inclusion. The final analysis will be limited to individuals in whom the volume of ICM administered during the index procedure was between 50 and 500 mL and for whom both pre- and post-procedure serum creatinine measurements were available. The primary objective of the study is the effect of short-term and long-term SGLT2i therapy on the occurrence of CI-AKI in patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic procedures with ICM.