Dementia, Mixed

This study will investigate the validity of the HOGAR EEG/PSG monitoring kit designed by Bitbrain as a tool for characterizing and assessing cognitive function in older adults, as well as for detecting and predicting cognitive decline. The kit consists of two EEG headbands and a mobile computing device that allows measurements of sleep patterns (PSG) and brain activity (EEG) in a home environment.

Age-related cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD) is a major cause of dementia, predominantly affecting individuals over 60 years of age, with a prevalence exceeding 70% in the elderly population. However, the correlation between the burden of CSVD and the progression of cognitive impairment in young and middle-aged individuals remains uncertain. DREAM-10 is an observational, prospective study that enrolled individuals aged 30-60 years, who were free from known dementia but exhibited imaging markers related to CSVD. Through prospective registration and follow-up, this study will collect data on patients with CSVD, including clinical information, neuropsychological assessments, multimodal Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) and retinopathy characterized by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA). CSVD related features seen on neuroimaging include recent small subcortical infarcts, lacunes, white matter hyperintensities, perivascular spaces, microbleeds, brain atrophy, cortical superficial siderosis. Utilizing this data, the researchers aim to investigate the potential dementia risk among young and middle-aged individuals with CSVD over the forthcoming decade, along with identifying its predictive factors.

In a society with increased life expectancy, the economic, social and personal burden of dementia increases. Dementia is often caused by a combination of neurovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Impaired brain clearance is suggested to be closely related to dementia development, as waste products (e.g. amyloid beta) accumulate in the brain, leading to neurodegeneration. Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is the most common neurovascular disease that even contributes to about 45% of dementia pathophysiology in patients with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's dementia. White matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin (WMH) are the key brain MRI manifestation of cerebral SVD. There is evidence that the currently known and MRI-visible WMH are landmarks of an already progressed stage of the underlying pathology. The pathophysiology of WMH has been attributed to multiple underlying mechanisms, such as hypoperfusion, defective cerebrovascular reactivity and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, different anatomical locations and different types of WMH are related to different underlying pathological changes. Using ultra-high field 7T MR imaging techniques WMH lesions can be detected with a higher sensitivity and resolution than on 3T MRI. The hypothesis is that different pathological mechanisms of cerebral SVD lead to variations in WMH shape. Moreover, the brain clearance ('glymphatic') system of the brain appears to be tightly connected to dementia pathology. Thus, novel markers of glymphatic activity could aid to describe and understand the pathology.

UDDGait™ is a multidisciplinary research project with the overreaching goal of providing an aid for early identification of cognitive impairment and risk of dementia development, thereby providing a basis for adequate symptom relieving and health promoting interventions. A new concept is investigated for this purpose: a "dual-task-test", which implies the combination of a well-established mobility test (Timed Up-and-Go, TUG) with a simultaneous verbal task (i.e. TUG dual-task, TUGdt). This type of test has been judged as a potential aid for early identification of dementia disease. More research is needed to further examine the test's validity, reliability and predictive capacity. The overall aim is to investigate if TUGdt is useful as an aid for prediction of dementia disease. To ensure the results, the aim is also to evaluate the test's measurement properties and to generate normative reference values of healthy control persons.

Dementias secondary to cerebrovascular diseases are of significant epidemiological and clinical relevance. As a result, the management of individuals with comorbid dementia should involve early diagnosis, effective treatment, and patient-centered care planning, both in specialist and in non-specialist settings. It is well known that physical exercise can improve various aspects of health, including resistance, balance, strength, and cognitive functions such as attention and executive performance. However, the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation is still not definitive and requires further clarification. Preliminary evidence suggests that a combination of cognitive and motor training along with novel technological approaches has the potential to maintain or improve compromised cognitive function more effectively compared to a single intervention. A multidomain intervention could enhance cognitive functioning in elderly individuals with multiple morbidities. In the present study, patients with early neurocognitive impairment based on a vascular disorder or due to multiple etiologies, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, will be screened in an outpatient multidisciplinary setting and subsequently undergo different models of rehabilitation training. Primary aim of this study: \- Assess the effectiveness of different rehabilitation protocols for improving cognitive functions in patients with comorbid cognitive impairment. Specifically, the investigators will test the effectiveness of three rehabilitation protocols (digital-based cognitive rehabilitation combined with motor rehabilitation, paper-based cognitive rehabilitation combined with motor rehabilitation, and motor rehabilitation alone) by means of a set of multidimensional outcome measures. Secondary aims: \- evaluating the enhancement of cognitive performance using various cognitive questionnaires categorized by cognitive domains. Additionally, the investigators will examine multidimensional variables such as motor skills, mood and anxiety levels, quality of life, patient adherence to treatment, the role of communication in patient management, caregiver burden, and the usability of digital devices (when utilized).

This trial investigates the therapeutic benefits of cannabidiol (CBD) for Dementia patients in Malaysia. As dementia becomes increasingly prevalent worldwide, there's a pressing demand for impactful remedies. This research will delve into CBD's influence on cognitive functions, daily activities, mental health, and overall life quality of dementia sufferers. Utilizing a range of established assessment instruments, including the ADAS-COG subscale for cognitive effects, the NPI score for psychological well-being, and the QOLAD questionnaire for life quality, we aim to discern CBD's potential in ameliorating the conditions of those with dementia. This study's results could shape novel treatment methods and improved care for dementia patients, benefiting not just Malaysia but the world at large.

The PUMCH Dementia Cohort is a hospital-based, observational study of Chinese elderly with cognitive impairment.