Diabetic

This randomized controlled experimental study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a Virtual Reality-Based "Health to My Foot" program designed for individuals with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. The study will assess the program's impact on diabetic foot knowledge, foot care self-efficacy, foot care behaviors, and foot health outcomes. The research will be conducted between April and October 2026 at a university hospital diabetes outpatient clinic in İzmir, Türkiye. A total of 70 participants diagnosed with Type II DM will be enrolled and randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=35) or the control group (n=35) using stratified block randomization. Participants in the intervention group will receive the Virtual Reality-Based "Health to My Foot" program through virtual reality goggles and will have access to a recorded foot care training video for home use. They will also receive weekly motivational reminder messages for three months. The control group will receive standard outpatient care only. Data will be collected at baseline (pre-test), 1 month (post-test), and 3 months (follow-up) using validated scales and a nurse follow-up form to evaluate knowledge, self-efficacy, behaviors, and clinical foot health indicators. The findings are expected to contribute to sustainable patient education strategies and to support the prevention of diabetic foot complications and reduction of healthcare costs.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of laughter yoga on self-management skills and comfort levels in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

1 detect the relationship between perirenal fat thickness (PrFT) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). 2)Explored the relationship between PRF thickness and the onset and progression of albuminuria in patients with diabetes 3)Evaluate associations between obesity-related markers with albuminuria and advanced kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)