EBV-associated Tumors

EB virus is associated with various epithelial and lymphoid derived tumors, such as Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, epithelial derived nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and some gastric cancers. In EBV related tumors, epithelial tumors account for over 80%, with the majority being nasopharyngeal carcinoma and EVB related gastric cancer. Among lymphomas, NK/T-cell lymphoma is the lymphoma most closely associated with EBV infection, accounting for approximately 6%. In the world, the incidence rate of NK/T lymphoma in China is the highest, and it is a malignant lymphoma with rapid development and strong invasion. mRNA immunotherapy is a promising novel anti-tumor treatment method. Previous basic research and clinical practice have shown that immune drugs prepared using antigen-presenting cells loaded with tumor antigens, CAR-T cells, etc. can produce objective clinical therapeutic effects. Compared with traditional immune drugs, mRNA immune drugs have unique advantages in the field of tumor immunotherapy. They can express and present antigens for a long time, thereby stimulating stronger immune responses and producing cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) that specifically recognize EB virus antigens, exerting anti-tumor effects. Previous studies have preliminarily confirmed that the mRNA immunotherapy monotherapy has good safety and tolerability in various tumor populations. Considering that most EBV positive tumor patients have limited treatment options, and that PD-1/L1 inhibitors have shown excellent anti-tumor efficacy in the treatment of various malignant tumors, research on mRNA vaccine monotherapy and its combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors is being conducted to provide more treatment options for patients with EB virus related tumors.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an important tumor-associated virus. In 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially classified EBV as a Group 1 carcinogen, as it is implicated in the pathogenesis of various epithelial malignancies and multiple types of lymphomas. Epithelial malignancies associated with EBV infection include nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, and oral cancer, among others. Currently, optimal therapeutic strategies for EBV-associated tumors remain lacking, particularly in patients with recurrent, metastatic, or refractory disease. Furthermore, although EBV infection plays a significant role in the development and progression of EBV-positive tumors and may influence patient prognosis, there are currently no precision therapeutic approaches specifically targeting EBV-positive lymphomas. Thus, treatment options for this patient population warrant further attention. EBV mRNA vaccine is a therapeutic vaccine based on messenger RNA (mRNA) targeting antigens related to EBV. This clinical trial aims to evaluate the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity, and preliminary antitumor activity of EBV mRNA vaccine in patients with advanced EBV-positive malignant tumors, thereby providing a scientific basis for subsequent clinical development.