EMG

The aim of this prospective, randomized, single-group interventional study is to use quantitative methods to investigate the acute effects of using lateral-wedge insoles on lower extremity biomechanics, muscle activation patterns, and knee adduction moment during walking and running activities in healthy individuals aged 18-40. The primary research questions it seeks to answer are as follows: * Do lateral wedge insoles cause a significant change in knee adduction moment? * Do lateral wedge insoles change lower extremity biomechanics during walking and running? * Do lateral wedge insoles change the activation patterns of lower extremity muscles during walking and running? To compare the effectiveness of lateral wedge insoles, participants will randomly use insoles with 0 (neutral), 5, and 10-degree angles. Participants will do the following: * Put on the shoes and insoles provided to you in the motion analysis laboratory and complete the walking and running protocols, each taking 1 minute, on the treadmill. * While walking at your normal walking speed, step so that your dominant leg is positioned over the force plate. * Repeat all of this for the insoles at the other two angles.

This study investigates the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the combined use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and action observation therapy (AOT) for hand motor recovery in individuals with stroke. Background: While both tDCS and AOT have shown promise individually for stroke rehabilitation, the neural mechanisms of their combined effects remain unclear. Understanding these mechanisms could optimise rehabilitation protocols and improve functional outcomes. Intervention: Participants will receive 10 sessions of anodal tDCS over the ipsilesional motor cortex combined with AOT over two weeks in a clinical setting, followed by 8 weeks of home-based AOT practice. Control groups will receive tDCS alone or AOT alone. Neurophysiological changes will be assessed using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) to evaluate corticospinal excitability. Clinical hand function will be assessed using standardised outcome measures. Measurements: Assessments will be conducted at baseline, during intervention (week 2), and after the home practice phase (week 10) to evaluate neuroplastic changes. Significance: This study will provide mechanistic insights into how neuromodulation and observational learning interact to promote motor recovery, informing evidence-based rehabilitation strategies for stroke survivors in Malaysia and globally. Study Design: Randomised controlled trial with three parallel arms, recruiting 60 participants with chronic stroke from Sabah, Malaysia.

Approximately 30 minutes after needle EMG, patients who are taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) will undergo an ultrasound examination to evaluate for the presence of possible intramuscular hematomas at the muscles where the EMG needle was inserted. These hematomas are considered a potential adverse effect of needle EMG. The aim of the study is to determine whether needle EMG can be considered a safe procedure in this group of patients, without posing a risk of intramuscular hematoma formation.

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the gait of patients with hemiplegia, with or without the use of insole splint. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does the insole splint improve the gait of these patients? Does any difference exist in the use of muscles? Participants will have to walk in the gait analysis' aisle with and without the insole splint, using wireless EMG device.

PURPOSE: This study will be conducted to investigate the effect of BMI on gluteus maximum activity in adulthood with sacroiliac dysfunction BACKGROUND: Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain is pain arising from SIJ structures and SIJ dysfunction (SIJD) generally refers to aberrant position or movement of SIJ structures . An estimated 15-30% of all low back pain cases are due to SIJ pain The present study will be conducted to add a new information to the body of knowledge of physical therapy profession as it will investigate the effect of BMI on gluteus maximum activity in adulthood with sacroiliac dysfunction HYPOTHESES: . •There will be no effect of BMI on gluteus maximum activity in adulthood with sacroiliac dysfunction RESEARCH QUESTION: * Do BMI has an effect on gluteus maximum activity in adulthood with sacroiliac dysfunction?