External Apical Root Resorption in Maxillary Canines During Orthodontic Retraction

This randomized controlled clinical trial will compare external apical root resorption in patients undergoing maxillary canine retraction using modified corticotomy-assisted frictionless T-loop mechanics versus conventional frictionless T-loop mechanics. Sixty orthodontic patients requiring extraction of maxillary first premolars will be randomly assigned to two groups. Changes in canine root length will be measured on panoramic radiographs taken before and after retraction to determine the extent of external apical root resorption. The study will evaluate whether modified corticotomy-assisted retraction results in different root resorption outcomes compared to conventional retraction.