Fatty Liver Disease

To assess whether orange peel fermentation has the effect of reducing body fat in adults

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which affects 1 in 3 Americans. The mainstay of treatment for NASH, which was recently renamed metabolic associated steatohepatitis (MASH), involves lifestyle interventions to promote weight loss and to treat comorbidities such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. There is thus, a substantial unmet need for pharmacological therapies that are effective for treatment of NASH, especially in those with fibrosis which is the main predictor of disease progression and mortality among NASH patients. The repurposing of presently available drugs would help expedite the search for agents effective in treating NASH. The cardiac glycoside digoxin is currently used in the management of heart failure and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The investigators and other groups have demonstrated that digoxin protects the liver from various forms of acute and chronic liver injury. The investigators preliminary data in healthy human subject indicate an immunomodulatory effect of low dose oral digoxin with no adverse side effects. This study proposes to demonstrate the clinical benefits of digoxin on NASH and on liver fibrosis, thus supporting the repurposing of digoxin as treatment for NASH.

The purpose of this clinical study is to find out if NNC4005-0001 is well-tolerated and safe for people who have increased body weight and increased liver fat. Participants will receive either NNC4005-0001, which is the treatment being tested, or a placebo, which is a treatment that contains no active medicine. The study will last for about for about 7 to 8 months.

Examine the association of chronic liver diseases (including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) with other systemic diseases by retrospectively analyzing the data from the Hospital Database of Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation.

This study compares the effectiveness of the dietary supplement Gepaktiv with standard medications (UDCA and Ademetionine) in patients with fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and liver enlargement (hepatomegaly). Key points: * Participants will receive either Gepaktiv, UDCA, or Ademetionine for 15 days * Doctors will monitor liver health through blood tests and ultrasound scans * The study will check if Gepaktiv helps improve liver function as effectively as standard treatments. Main measurements: * Changes in liver enzyme levels (ALT, AST) * Reduction in liver size * Improvement in fat accumulation (steatosis) measured by FibroScan This research may provide evidence for a new natural option to support liver health.Data analysis will be done by an independent biostatistics

To evaluate the correlation between LivQ-box® parameters carried by iLivTouch and liver inflammation in patients with NAFLD, as well as the diagnostic value of liver inflammation of different severity levels.

This interventional study has 2 parts. In the part A of the project, we will determine how the acute changes in hepatic fat content (HFC) after high-fat load (150 g of fat) are affected by co-administration with three doses of glucose, fructose, and sucrose. HFC in non-obese and obese male volunteers will be measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) before and at the end of 6-hour intervention. The changes in triglycerides (TG), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin and glucose will be also measured throughout the experiments. It can be expected that most of the obese subjects will also have a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and we will be therefore able to compare the HFC response between subjects with normal liver fat content and those with steatosis. Our previous results (doi: 10.26402/jpp.2021.1.05) clearly pointed out that glucose, contrary to fructose, prevents the storage of fat in the liver and that such an effect could be observed even after six hours. In the part B, we will therefore eliminate fructose from the diet of subjects with NAFLD of steatosis grade 2 for seven days - such an intervention will be isocaloric and fructose/sucrose will be replaced by starch or by glucose. The HFC content will be measured again by MRS and MRI after 168 hours. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), that transport TG out from the liver, will be isolated before and after intervention from the plasma obtained after overnight fasting. The analysis of lipid profile of the liver fat by MRS and fatty acid profile of TG in VLDL should provide an information on the role of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in changes of HFC. In the part A of the project we will aim * to compare the response of HFC after high-fat load to repeated doses of glucose, fructose, and sucrose (3 x 50 g in two-hour intervals) * to compare such a response between non-obese and obese-subjects In the part B of the project we will aim * to find out whether short-term (7 days) restriction of fructose from the diet will decrease HFC in subjects with NAFLD * to find out whether such an intervention affects fatty acid profile of hepatic TG evaluated by MRS and by fatty acid profile of TG in VLDL - in this way we can estimate whether DNL is suppressed after fructose withdrawal * to further corroborate such an aim, we will also compare the fatty acid profile of plasma NEFA and that of TG in VLDL

Cushing's Syndrome is a rare disease resulting from prolonged exposure to high levels of circulating cortisol. Clinical manifestations are variable but many patients present a metabolic syndrome (abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension). With regard to the liver, experimental data have shown that excess cortisol leads in an increase in lipogenesis and a reduction in the oxidation of fatty acids. This, in association with an accumulation of visceral adipose tissue and deregulation of adipokines, may contribute to the development of hepatic steatosis in animals. However, few data is available in humans with only one study of 50 patients with Cushing's syndrome estimating the prevalence of hepatic steatosis at 20%. NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease), is defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis in the absence of secondary causes of intrahepatic fat accumulation. It is a heterogeneous disease ranging from simple liver steatosis, whose prognosis is generally considered to be benign, to inflammation (NASH, Non-Alcoholic Steato-Hepatitis) which may progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis and an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. The prognosis for NAFLD is mainly related to the severity of hepatic fibrosis. In Cushing's syndrome, normalization of cortisol production is the most effective strategy to improve co-morbidities associated with hypercortisolism. However, some of these complications, especially the metabolic co morbidities, could not be completely reversible and no data is available about resolution of hepatic steatosis.

The non-invasive evaluation of liver steatosis and fibrosis with FibroScan is a routinely procedure in clinical practice for people with obesity. However, there are still considerable uncertainties regarding the potential influence of confounding factors and the optimal application of cut-off values for obesity. The goal of this observational study is to learn about the optimal application of cut-off values of for Chinese people with obesity.

The association of metabolic associated fatty liver disease in patients with chronic glomerular disease

Primary Objective: To analyze the effect of synbiotic supplementation on metabolic profile, insulin and TNF-α and gut microbiota changes in patients with Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Research question: Are there any changes in metabolic profile, Insulin and TNF-α and gut microbiota changes in MAFLD patients after synbiotic supplementation Participants will: * Treatment group given supplementation and the control group will be given placebo at a dose of 2x1 tablet for 12 weeks. * Patients will visit the hospital every 28 days for up to 4 months for control and follow-up supplementation. * patients will be given a supplement consumption compliance logbook and a food record logbook used to record food consumption filled in by the patient.

1. investigate the Prevalence of combined hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic HBV. 2. to evaluate clinical characteristics of chronic HBV patients combined with metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis