Fraility

Frailty is a state of vulnerability resulting from decreased physiological reserve across multiple organ systems, impairing an individual's ability to withstand stressors. As the elderly population grows worldwide, the proportion of older adults undergoing surgical procedures continues to rise, and frailty is expected to become increasingly prevalent among surgical candidates. Anxiety is one of the most common psychiatric conditions, affecting approximately one in three individuals globally. Preoperative anxiety may negatively influence surgical outcomes, particularly in older and more vulnerable patients. This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the relationship between preoperative anxiety level and frailty score in elderly patients aged 65 years and older scheduled for elective hip arthroplasty. Frailty will be assessed using the FRAIL Scale (Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness, Loss of Weight), and anxiety will be measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Secondary outcomes include the prevalence of frailty and anxiety, the effect of frailty on length of hospital stay, postoperative intensive care unit admission rates, and the relationship between frailty and preoperative laboratory and hemodynamic parameters.

Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of infection-related mortality in the older population. Traditional severity scores used in emergency departments, such as the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) and CURB-65, primarily focus on acute physiological derangements and may not adequately capture biological reserve and frailty in older adults. Frailty is a geriatric syndrome reflecting increased vulnerability to stressors and reduced recovery capacity. This prospective observational cohort study aims to evaluate the predictive value of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) for in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, and morbidity in patients aged 65 years and older presenting to the emergency department with pneumonia. Additionally, the study will assess whether incorporating frailty assessment into existing pneumonia severity scores improves prognostic accuracy.

Frailty is defined as a state of weakness resulting from a decrease in physiological reserves due to physiological changes, diseases, and/or malnutrition associated with advancing age. Frail older adults face increased mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs when exposed to stressors, making this issue increasingly important. The FRAIL Scale, developed by Morley et al. , is a 5-item measure that assesses frailty. The FRAIL Scale has been validated in many countries and has been proven to be an effective method for detecting frailty. This scale assesses the patient's fatigue, resistance, mobility, weight loss, and other diseases. In the 5-item FRAIL scale, patients receive 0 or 1 point based on their answers, and a total of 0 points is considered non-frail, 1-2 points is considered pre-frail, and \>2 points is considered frail. Frailty is associated with a higher risk of postoperative complications. Rothenberg and colleagues reported in a study involving more than 400,000 patients that frailty doubles the risk of postoperative complications . Hypotension following anesthesia induction is a common complication in geriatric patients. Decreased cardiopulmonary reserve with age leads to an exaggerated drop in blood pressure during induction . In this study, the investigators aimed to determine the effect of frailty level in geriatric patients on hypotension observed after anesthesia induction.