Gait Biomechanics

The aim of this prospective, randomized, single-group interventional study is to use quantitative methods to investigate the acute effects of using lateral-wedge insoles on lower extremity biomechanics, muscle activation patterns, and knee adduction moment during walking and running activities in healthy individuals aged 18-40. The primary research questions it seeks to answer are as follows: * Do lateral wedge insoles cause a significant change in knee adduction moment? * Do lateral wedge insoles change lower extremity biomechanics during walking and running? * Do lateral wedge insoles change the activation patterns of lower extremity muscles during walking and running? To compare the effectiveness of lateral wedge insoles, participants will randomly use insoles with 0 (neutral), 5, and 10-degree angles. Participants will do the following: * Put on the shoes and insoles provided to you in the motion analysis laboratory and complete the walking and running protocols, each taking 1 minute, on the treadmill. * While walking at your normal walking speed, step so that your dominant leg is positioned over the force plate. * Repeat all of this for the insoles at the other two angles.

Robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) devices, such as the Lokomat®, are commonly used to support gait rehabilitation by enabling repetitive, task-specific walking movements. The functional proprioceptive stimulation (FPS) device Vibramoov® represents a novel technology designed to stimulate proprioceptors at the muscle-tendon junction through targeted vibratory stimuli, thereby activating sensorimotor centers in the brain and potentially facilitating movement execution. The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to investigate whether Lokomat® training combined with Vibramoov® leads to greater improvements in qualitative and quantitative gait parameters in stroke patients compared with Lokomat® training alone. The study will be conducted at the Gröbming Rehabilitation Center and will include patients undergoing a four-week neurological inpatient rehabilitation program. Participants will be randomly assigned to an intervention group (Lokomat® + Vibramoov®) or a control group (Lokomat® only), with 20 patients per group. Primary outcomes include the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and spatiotemporal gait parameters. Additional assessments include functional scores, patient-reported outcome measures, and blood biomarkers. Statistical analyses will be performed depending on data distribution. A follow-up assessment evaluating EQ-5D and PHQ-4 will be conducted six months after completion of the rehabilitation program.

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the effects of manual therapy on spatiotemporal characteristics of gait and gait variability, functional exercise capacity, and pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The secondary aims of the study are to determine the effects of manual therapy on balance, respiratory muscle strength, quality of life, physical activity, symptom severity, accessory respiratory muscle activation, peripheral muscle strength, chest wall mobility, dysfunctional breathing, pain, and posture.