Gallstone Disease

Every year, many patients undergo weight-loss (bariatric) surgery. While this surgery leads to significant and intended weight loss, it also increases the risk of developing gallstones or other gallbladder problems. Approximately one in five patients later requires a second operation to remove the gallbladder. This type of surgery carries a higher risk of complications and reoperations compared with gallbladder surgery performed in the general population. Preventive treatment may help reduce this risk. One option is medical treatment with Ursochol, which has been shown to lower the risk of developing gallstones after bariatric surgery. However, this treatment is only effective in patients who have not already developed gallstones before surgery. This means patients need a reliable preoperative ultrasound examination of the gallbladder. Unfortunately, performing ultrasound can be technically challenging in patients with obesity, making it harder to detect small stones or other abnormalities. The goal is therefore to improve the examination of the gallbladder in patients undergoing bariatric surgery in order to better identify who may benefit from preventive treatment. The study The investigators are comparing two types of ultrasound examination of the gallbladder: * Standard ultrasound performed on the outside of the abdomen using a handheld probe. * Laparoscopic ultrasound performed during bariatric surgery using a small ultrasound probe placed inside the abdomen, typically placed on the liver near the gallbladder. It is of interest to find out whether the ultrasound performed during surgery finds more: * Gallstones * Sludge * Small stones (microlithiasis) * Thickening of the gallbladder wall By improving detection, the investigators aim to better guide preventive treatment and reduce the need for future gallbladder surgery.

The goal of this longitudinal observational cohort study is to examine the changes in the composition and diversity of gut microbiome and systemic metabolome in patients with symptomatic gallbladder stones with or without concomitant common bile duct (CBD) stones who will be undergoing cholecystectomy with or without prior endoscopic sphincterotomy (ERCP-ES) and CBD stones extraction. The main questions it aims to answer are whether there are: * differences in gut microbiome diversity and composition before and after cholecystectomy * differences in systemic metabolome before and after cholecystectomy * gut microbiome and systemic metabolome changes after cholecystectomy Participants will be asked to provide stool, urine, plasma and saliva samples prior to and 1-6 months after cholecystectomy. For patients with concomitant CBD stones who undergo ERCP-ES before cholecystectomy, bile specimens will be collected from the bile duct during ERCP-ES as well as the gallbladder and/or during cholecystectomy.

Gallstones are relatively frequent in women and constitute one of the main risk factors for gallbladder cancer (GBC). Currently, GBC diagnosis is mainly based on imaging (ultrasound or abdominal CT) associated with invasive examinations (biopsy and surgery), with no marker available to date to accurately predict risk and diagnose the disease early. The only curative treatment for GBC remains surgery with complete resection of tumors in early stages. Given the aggressiveness of GBC and the very limited therapeutic options, as well as the possibility of preventing GBC by cholecystectomy during the 10 to 20 years required for the development of gallbladder tumors, it is imperative to develop effective and efficient prevention strategies based on a prioritization of interventions according to environmental and genetic-molecular risk factors. The investigators aim to identify epidemiological factors linked to the development of GBC, and to identify, validate and functionally characterize genetic-molecular markers in blood, saliva, urine, bile and stool that allow risk prediction, early diagnosis and precision treatment of incidental tumors.

This study aims to evaluate pharmacokinetic profile, safety and establish bioequivalence of the investigational drug Trimedat® 76,95 mg orally disintegrating tablets compared to the reference drug Trimedat® 100 mg tablets in healthy volunteers under fasted conditions.

This study is designed to evaluate whether Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) can improve recovery for patients undergoing laparoscopic gallbladder removal surgery (laparoscopic cholecystectomy). TENS is a non-invasive method that uses mild electrical currents applied through the skin to stimulate nerves. The main goals of the study are to determine if TENS can: Reduce surgical anxiety before and during the procedure Decrease postoperative pain after surgery Improve overall patient satisfaction with their surgical experience Patients who participate will receive standard surgical care, and some will also receive TENS therapy. Outcomes will be measured using patient questionnaires and clinical assessments during the hospital stay and follow-up period. By comparing patients who receive TENS with those who do not, the study aims to provide evidence on whether this simple technique can enhance comfort and recovery after gallbladder surgery.

Prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) through lifestyle intervention (MAUCO+) is a clinical trial that aims to improve sarcopenia, aerobic capacity, body composition, and lipid profile, insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk, NAFLD, and maintain a healthier lifestyle. Through the implementation of physical activity and nutritional programs.