GLP-1

Diabetes mellitus (DM), prediabetes, and obesity are emerging as major global public health problems, with their epidemic spread continuously increasing over the past decades. The occurrence of diabetic retinopathy, cataract, glaucoma, and ocular surface disease in patients with diabetes mellitus has been extensively investigated in several studies. However, mild ocular surface disorders, such as dry eye disease, have often been overlooked, with a previous study showing that 51.3% of diabetes-related dry eye disease cases remained underdiagnosed. Among systemic diseases, diabetes mellitus and obesity have been associated with an increased risk of developing dry eye disease. Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes leads to microvascular damage, including corneal neuropathy and reduced tear production, conditions that can disrupt ocular surface health, while systemic inflammation and meibomian gland dysfunction also contribute to this process. However, the effect of newer classes of antidiabetic medications, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), on ocular surface health remains insufficiently understood. The aim of this prospective cohort study is to evaluate the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on dry eye disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity through the assessment of ocular surface parameters, such as tear film break-up time, Schirmer test results, as well as potential changes in corneal topography.

The goal of this clinical trail is to learn if the hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is stimulated by slowly digestible carbohydrates (SDCs) in healthy adults. In the current study, researchers will observe the amount of SDC that results in clinically meaningful levels of GLP-1, shown by an increase in feelings of fullness and a decrease in hunger, and how long an elevated level of GLP-1 lasts after starch consumption. Researchers aim to address two questions: What amount of SDC maximizes GLP-1-mediated satiety, and does the impact to satiety continue in a second meal? The overall goal is to maximize ileal-digesting SDC's potential use as a food-based agent for weight loss. Researchers will compare 20, 40, and 60 g of raw corn starch compared to a maltodextrin control on total plasma GLP-1 concentrations, insulin, and blood glucose at baseline and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes post-consumption of SDC. Researchers will also measure satiety at baseline, 60, 120, 180 minutes and after a second meal. There will be a total of 4 study visits with a least a 7-day break between visits. At each study visit, participants will: * Consume a randomized test beverage (SDC or maltodextrin) * Receive a blood draw at 7 timepoints over 3 hrs * Take a satiety questionnaire 5 times over 3 hrs * Consume a standardized lunch 3 hrs after the test beverage consumption

The aim of this study is to use advanced MRI scans to track changes in both muscle and fat in the body and heart over a 12-month period in individuals starting semaglutide. By doing so, we hope to gain a clearer understanding of how semaglutide affects muscle health and function. Our goal is to ensure the medication supports long-term well-being, particularly for people who may be at higher risk of muscle loss. This study involves (3) in-person study visits. At each visit, participants will be asked to: * Undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while resting and during exercise to take pictures of their heart, abdomen, and legs. * Complete tests to assess balance, sit-to-stand, walking speed, and handgrip strength. * Complete questionnaires related to demographics, health information, physical activity, and nutrition. * Have a blood sample collected from a vein in your arm. * Have your blood levels assessed through three finger pricks. * Complete three days of food records.

This study is a triple-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial of 120 adults that will evaluate the impact of a novel nutritional supplement on improving nutrient gaps and changing nutrient status and the gut microbiome among glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) users.

This study is designed with the interest to learn on the effects of estrogen levels and how it affects body compositions and muscle function in midlife women who are taking a GLP-1RA for weight loss.

The goal of this clinical trial is to see if adding a weight loss medication (GLP-1 receptor drug) to patients with an increased BMI receiving treatment for rectal cancer prior to surgery (total neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy) improves cancer outcomes. The main questions it aims to answer is 1. Does the drug increase weight loss in rectal cancer patients with a high BMI 2. Does the drug improve response rates to chemotherapy and radiotherapy 3. Does the drug improve survival outcomes and if cancer returns Researchers will compare this drug in one group against a group of patients receiving preoperative total neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy without the drug Patients will be required to 1\) take the GLP-1 receptor agonist drug during TNT or just having TNT alone as per standard hospital protocols Body weight will be measured at three predefined time points: 1. Baseline: Prior to initiation of semaglutide or TNT 2. Pre-TNT: Start of TNT (for the intervention arm, this is 4 weeks after semaglutide initiation) 3. Post-TNT: Within 7 days following completion of TNT and prior to definitive surgery Patients will complete their treatment and go on to have surgery as per standard methods for treating rectal cancer

The aim of this study is to comprehensively assess the early and long-term effects of GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1 analogue medications on metabolic and behavioral parameters, with particular emphasis on qualitative and quantitative dietary changes in patients undergoing treatment for overweight and obesity. Participation in the study will involve four follow-up visits per year at the Clinic of Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Central Clinical Hospital, University Clinical Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw: before treatment initiation and after 3, 6, and 12 months. The analysis will focus not only on metabolic effects (weight loss, changes in body composition, and improved biochemical parameters), but also on nutritional and behavioral aspects, including diet, appetite regulation, risk of malnutrition and muscle loss, and the occurrence of adverse events. The study will allow for a multifaceted assessment of the impact of treatment with GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1 analogues on patients with excess body weight.

This is a randomized, double-blind, double arm study involving 128 participants who will undergo a total participation period of 12 weeks.

This study is a clinical, longitudinal, non-randomized, prospective observational study that seeks to compare the treatment effects and safety of using GLP-1 analogues versus not using appetite suppressants during a lifestyle treatment program that includes individual consultations every fourth month and 10 weeks of CBT-E group therapy in patients with both obesity and BED. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact on BED symptomatology, while the secondary objectives include examining the potential adoption of alternative harmful coping mechanisms. Additionally, the study will assess psychological well-being and weight changes and their consequent influence on obesity-associated comorbid conditions. Adult patients with coexisting obesity and BED presenting at the Obesity clinic at Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, will be included Patients will be divided into two groups: Group-GLP1 (n = 40), who will use GLP-1 analogues, and Group-NoMED (n = 40), who will not use appetite suppressants. Both groups will otherwise follow the routine standardized patient care pathway with follow-up controls every four months and participation in CBT group therapy sessions. Changes in symptoms of BED, alternative harmful coping strategies and mental health will be recorded at baseline and 12 months using patient-reported questionnaires, as well as anthropometric and biochemical data.

This is a single-arm, open-label clinical trial involving 100 participants who will undergo a total participation period of 12 weeks.

The goal of this randomized, controlled trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative therapies (metformin alone, with rapamycin, and with low-dose naltrexone) in maintaining weight loss in patients weaning off GLP-1 medications. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Whether the combination of metformin, with or without rapamycin or low-dose naltrexone, will be adequate to maintain the relative weight of individuals gradually discontinuing GLP-1 receptor agonist use. * Whether individuals discontinuing GLP-1 receptor agonist use who instead use a combination of metformin, with or without rapamycin or low-dose naltrexone, will experience less weight regain over the course of six months post-cessation than those who do not use any alternative medications. Researchers will compare the four groups: 1) control, 2) metformin, 3) metformin + rapamycin, and 4) metformin + low-dose naltrexone, to assess changes in the percentage of weight regain, metabolic indicators (e.g., HbA1c, lipid profile), and quality of life PROs, six months after cessation of GLP-1 therapy. Participants will: * Administer the assigned intervention following a dosing and administration protocol provided by the study and medical team. * Complete a medical intake for overall health status, medical history and demographic information, * Complete patient-reported outcomes/surveys and assessments * Complete blood work at baseline and every 16 weeks thereafter to measure CBC, CMP, and standard health biomarker panels (e.g., cholesterol, glucose, creatinine, sodium, potassium). * Share data from health wearables with the research team throughout the study to improve the accuracy of evaluating activity, sleep, heart rate, and other related healthspan measures.

This study investigates the impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) on patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), a type of pancreatic cystic neoplasm that can progress to malignancy. With the increasing use of GLP-1 RAs for managing diabetes and obesity, concerns about their potential to influence pancreatic conditions, like IPMNs, have emerged. Although GLP-1 RAs are generally safe, their effects on pre-existing pancreatic conditions remain unclear. The study aims to evaluate whether GLP-1 RA use in IPMN patients is linked to changes in pancreatic cyst characteristics, the incidence of acute pancreatitis, variations in tumor markers, and the progression of IPMNs to high-grade dysplasia or malignancy. A retrospective analysis will be conducted using medical data from patients diagnosed with IPMNs and treated with GLP-1 RAs between 2010 and 2024 at three Swiss hospitals. Key outcomes will include radiological changes, the incidence of acute pancreatitis, and potential shifts in IPMN surveillance or need for surgical intervention

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of gastric fundal mucosal ablation (GFMA) on weight trajectory following discontinuation of once-weekly semaglutide or tirzepatide in adults with obesity. In this study, GFMA will be performed on patients who have experienced \> 10% weight loss with GLP-1 therapy and who plan to discontinue use of GLP-1 medications for the duration of the study.