Gout Initiating Urate-loweringUrate-lowering Therapy

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), are rare but life-threatening complications that can occur after starting allopurinol for gout. The HLA-B58:01 allele is a strong genetic risk factor for allopurinol-associated SCARs in Asian populations. This study evaluates the feasibility and clinical value of HLA-B58:01 screening before first-time allopurinol use in Vietnamese adults with gout. Adults (≥18 years) diagnosed with gout (ACR/EULAR 2020 criteria) and initiating urate-lowering therapy will be enrolled at Hai Phong International General Hospital (January 2025-June 2027). Participants who undergo HLA-B58:01 genotyping (PCR-based assay) will be treated according to test results: HLA-B58:01 negative participants receive allopurinol; HLA-B58:01 positive participants receive febuxostat. A comparison group consists of patients treated with febuxostat without HLA testing. Participants will be followed for 12 months with assessments at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months to monitor serum uric acid, gout flares, and safety outcomes (SCARs and other adverse events, including liver and kidney function). The study also includes an economic evaluation to estimate the cost-effectiveness of HLA-B58:01 screening for preventing SCARs and optimizing gout treatment.

The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether nurse-led telehealth support helps individuals with gout better manage their condition and adhere to urate-lowering medication after discharge from a rheumatology clinic. Eligible patients will be recruited from five rheumatology departments in the Central Denmark Region after achieving two consecutive target serum urate levels-below 0.36 mmol/L, or below 0.30 mmol/L for patients with tophi. Participants will be adults with gout who meet specific medical criteria, are taking medications such as allopurinol or Adenuric, and are able to read and write Danish. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: * Intervention group: nurse-led telehealth support. * Control group: usual care with follow-up by their general practitioner. The primary goal is to support patients in maintaining healthy uric acid levels after 52 weeks. Participants in the nurse-led group have the option to choose from four support options: I1: App-Based Support - an app provides information and reminders. I2: Letter Reminders - messages are sent via digital or postal mail. I3: Text Reminders - SMS messages are sent every three months. I4: Phone Support - nurses call three times a year to check in.