Health Professions Education

This longitudinal, single-cohort, within-subjects study evaluates whether sequential exposure to Ventriloscope simulation stethoscope training, delivered after traditional auscultation instruction, enhances auscultation knowledge, clinical sound recognition skill, and self-reported confidence in Physical Therapy (PT) and Athletic Training (AT) students, and whether any enhancement is retained two months after training. All participating students receive both training modalities in sequence. Knowledge, skill, and confidence are measured at five timepoints (T1-T5) across approximately five months. A qualitative component examines student perceptions of the two training modalities.

In the modern era, university students, especially those from Generation Z, are true digital natives who have grown up with technology and embraced it wholeheartedly. This hyper-cognitive generation has different characteristics than their predecessors and emphasizes educational approaches integrated with innovative technologies over traditional methods. Rather than traditional classroom learning, Generation Z prefers to learn through various media, such as digital games, YouTube videos, and smart devices. Science and technology have made rapid and transformative progress in recent decades. One of these developments is the emergence of the metaverse, a rapidly expanding three-dimensional virtual space. Neal Stephenson coined the term "metaverse" in his 1992 science fiction novel Snow Crash, combining the words "meta," meaning "transcendence and virtuality," and "verse," meaning "world and universe." Enhanced by technologies such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and artificial intelligence, the metaverse creates a 3D virtual sphere where individuals from around the world can come together for shared social interactions. It also serves as an arena for users to participate in various social activities. In recent years, significant events such as the pandemic, conflicts, seismic activity, and climate change have led to disruptions in higher education in certain countries. Due to the pandemic, there has been a significant shift towards distance learning platforms, and students have been denied various opportunities. Distance learning is defined as "an effective form of learning that is independent of time and place. It offers individuals the ability to conveniently configure and update educational materials electronically and integrate different technologies into the learning process. These technologies can be utilized 24/7." The goal of distance education is to ensure continuity of education and increase learner satisfaction. Consequently, universities have adopted various distance learning models to address these challenges and promote their students' academic success. Using the metaverse in education is a significant application area and is widely anticipated to be very promising in the future.