HPV Vaccine Acceptability

The goal of this implementation research study is to understand whether a package of community-based interventions can increase access to and uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among very young adolescent girls and boys in the North and Far North Regions of Cameroon. The main questions this study aims to answer are: * Can a package of community-based interventions increase delivery of routine HPV vaccination to boys and girls aged 9-13 in Cameroon's North and Far North Regions? * What is the acceptability, feasibility, cost, and potential for maintenance and scale of an integrated health intervention to deliver routine HPV vaccination in Cameroon? To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, researchers will compare HPV vaccination within regions where the new intervention model is being implemented (intervention areas) to regions where the new routine HPV vaccination delivery model is not being implemented (comparison areas) for approximately 1 year before the new intervention model is implemented and for approximately 9 months after the start of implementation to compare changes over time and between intervention and comparison areas. The study will evaluate the effect of the intervention on HPV vaccination delivery using routine health facility data. To understand acceptability, feasibility, implementation, and potential for scale, the study will enroll participants including health officials and providers, adolescents girls receiving HPV vaccination and other services in intervention areas, and their parents/caregivers. The study will be conducted in two phases, with the first phase focused on gathering formative data through interviews with key informants. This data will be used to inform the design of the intervention, which will be implemented and evaluated in phase 2. Only phase 1 of this study protocol has been currently approved. In phase 1, key informant interview participants will be asked to participate in a an interview to discuss HPV vaccination services and their perspectives on how to integrate HPV vaccination within existing community-based and health facility structures and programs. Key informants will include government officials, health program implementers, representatives from non-government organizations working on HPV vaccine delivery, and healthcare providers, as well as community leaders including school and religious leaders.

The goal of this implementation research study is to understand whether a package of community-based interventions can increase access to and uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among very young adolescent girls in rural Ethiopia. The main questions this study aims to answer are: * Can a package of community-based interventions increase delivery of routine HPV vaccination to girls aged 9-14 in rural Ethiopia? * Is an intervention model that incorporates strategies that address gender norms and gender-specific barriers more effective at increasing delivery of routine HPV vaccination than a model that does not explicitly address gender? * What is the acceptability, feasibility, cost, and potential for maintenance and scale of an integrated health intervention to delivery routine HPV vaccination in rural Ethiopia? To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, researchers will compare HPV vaccination within regions where the new intervention model is being implemented (intervention areas) to regions where the new routine HPV vaccination delivery model is not being implemented (comparison areas) for approximately 1 year before the new intervention model is implemented and for approximately 1 year after the start of implementation to compare changes over time and between intervention and comparison areas. The study will evaluate the effect of the intervention on HPV vaccination delivery using routine health facility data. To understand acceptability, feasibility, implementation, and potential for scale, the study will enroll participants including health officials and providers, adolescents girls receiving HPV vaccination and other services in intervention areas, and their parents/caregivers. These participants may be asked to participate in one or more of the following: * Completing a short questionnaire after receiving health services, including HPV vaccination, and their knowledge and attitudes towards HPV vaccination and experiences of care * Participating in an interview or a focus group discussion to discuss HPV vaccination services and the role of the intervention in delivering care