Hypovolemia

The purpose of the project is to validate the performance of a wearable bioimpedance sensor (Re:Balans®) for monitoring hydration status. The study includes hospitalized patients aged 65 years or older who are admitted to the hospital with suspected dehydration. Data will be collected continuously throughout the hospital stay using one sensor placed on the back, one on the upper arm, and one on the front of the thigh. Sensor measurements will be compared with multiple reference methods for assessing hydration status, including blood tests, body weight and fluid balance charts. Agreement with these reference measures will form the basis for the performance evaluation. The anticipated benefit of the project is the validation of a novel, user-friendly, and non-invasive tool for hydration monitoring, with the aim of improving patient care, preventing complications, and reducing the need for hospital readmissions.

The goal of this observational study is to learn about renal and hepatic blood flow abnormalities detected by bedside ultrasound in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) following major trauma. The main questions it aims to answer are: * How reliably can trained operators measure renal Doppler and venous congestion scores (RDRI and VExUS) across different hospitals? * How common are abnormal kidney and liver blood flow patterns in major trauma patients during the first 72 hours of ICU admission? * Are these abnormal patterns associated with acute kidney injury or the need for mechanical ventilation? Participants admitted to ICUs or high-dependency units (HDUs) with major trauma (Injury Severity Score \>15) will undergo non-invasive bedside ultrasound assessments at admission and at 24, 48, and 72 hours. No additional treatments or interventions will be given as part of this study. Kidney function will also be checked at 6 months after hospital discharge.

This study is a post-marketing, multicenter, prospective, open-label observational study. It plans to enroll approximately 2,000 patients with hypoalbuminemia and/or hypovolemia requiring urgent treatment who are scheduled to receive at least one dose of Recombinant Human Albumin from Oryza Sativa. The study does not interfere with clinical diagnosis and treatment; the use of the study drug is solely determined by the attending physician based on the patient's condition and clinical guidelines. Study data will be collected during the patient's participation in the study, including baseline characteristics, medical history, concomitant medications, records of study drug administration and reasons for use, serum albumin levels (baseline and end of treatment), adverse events (AEs), adverse drug reactions (ADRs), serious adverse events (SAEs), and adverse events of special interest (AESIs). The follow-up period will primarily be conducted via telephone. The primary endpoint of the study is the incidence of all adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Secondary endpoints include the incidence of all adverse events (AEs), the incidence of AEs by severity, the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs), the incidence of adverse events of special interest (AESIs), and the incidence of AEs leading to dose interruption, dose reduction, discontinuation, or death related to Recombinant Human Albumin Injection from Oryza Sativa. Efficacy evaluations include changes in serum albumin concentration before and after treatment and assessment of volume restoration.

To monitor the changes in central and peripheral monitors/waveforms during gradual hypovolemia induced by lower body negative pressure in healthy volunteers.

Hemodynamic instability remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among critically ill patients in intensive care units. One major contributor to this instability is intravascular fluid deficit. Although fluid administration is often preferred as an initial intervention, inaccurate estimation of fluid requirements carries significant risks. Inadequate resuscitation may lead to tissue hypoperfusion and organ dysfunction, whereas excessive fluid loading is associated with pulmonary edema, increased intra-abdominal pressure, multi-organ dysfunction, and increased mortality. Consequently, reliable prediction of fluid responsiveness is considered a critical determinant in modern intensive care management. The limited reliability of static parameters in predicting fluid responsiveness and the fact that PPV retains its validity only under specific clinical conditions highlight the need for more effective methods. In recent years, hemodynamic changes assessed during the passive leg raising (PLR) maneuver have gained prominence; particularly, left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (LVOT VTI)-based cardiac output measurements have been identified as a strong parameter for predicting fluid responsiveness . Moreover, changes in pulse pressure variation (PPV) during PLR have also been reported as a potential predictor; however, the number of studies prospectively comparing PPV variation and LVOT VTI-based cardiac output change within the same patient population remains limited . Therefore, the proposed study aims to fill this gap in the literature and contribute to fluid management in the intensive care setting. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of PPV variation and LVOT VTI-based cardiac output change after the PLR maneuver in predicting fluid responsiveness among mechanically ventilated critically ill patients, and to determine the diagnostic value of both methods. The findings of the present study are expected to support more reliable decision-making in fluid therapy and provide clinical evidence toward the individualization of fluid management in intensive care practice.

This prospective observational study evaluates whether monitoring changes in exhaled carbon dioxide (End-Tidal CO2 or EtCO2) during a "Passive Leg Raising" (PLR) test can reliably predict fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients. In the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), fluid management is a critical balance; while fluid is necessary for tissue perfusion, overload can lead to severe complications. Traditional static measurements (like central venous pressure) are often unreliable for guiding therapy. Dynamic tests like PLR are preferred as they simulate a fluid bolus reversibly by shifting blood from the legs to the heart. Researchers will observe mechanically ventilated patients planned for fluid resuscitation. The study compares the accuracy of non-invasive EtCO2 changes during PLR against a reference standard "Mini Fluid Challenge" (100 mL fluid administration). Fluid responsiveness will be confirmed using echocardiographic measurements (LVOT-VTI) or arterial pressure changes. The goal is to validate EtCO2 as a practical, real-time tool for safe fluid management.

This study aims to compare ultrasound-guided inferior vena cava (IVC) assessment with central venous pressure (CVP) monitoring for the detection of hypovolemia in shock patients in the emergency department. The primary objective is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of IVC collapsibility index compared to CVP values in both early and post-resuscitation phases. The study will prospectively enroll shock patients, collect demographic and clinical data, and analyze the correlation between IVC and CVP measurements to determine their role in guiding fluid resuscitation and hemodynamic management.

Hemodynamic evaluation during pediatric anesthesia is essential to care management. Intraoperative cardiovascular instability is frequent in major surgeries, and appropriate monitoring is necessary to ensure safe anesthetic conduction and promptly detect changes in blood pressure, cardiac output, blood volume, and organ perfusion. In this context, advanced hemodynamic monitoring, continuous measuring, and estimating various parameters can allow a more specific hemodynamic profile and help identify the causal mechanisms of its variability. Moreover, the reference ranges of hemodynamic values in different pediatric ages and how to best monitor hemodynamic status in pediatrics are still debated. Surgical treatment of craniosynostosis is usually performed at an early age, between 3 and 8 months of age. The operation is burdened by a high risk of hemodynamic instability related mainly, but not only, to potential substantial hemorrhagic losses. This study aims to characterize the hemodynamic events occurring during corrective craniosynostosis surgery, recorded simultaneously with standard monitoring and Pressure Recording Analytic Method (PRAM), and to analyze the paired measurements.

The goal of this pragmatic, multi-center, superiority, randomized clinical trial is to compare early treatment with peripheral (through a vein) infused noradrenaline (a natural hormone that increases blood pressure) with fluid only therapy in patients with hypotensive and shock in the Danish and Swedish Emergency Departments (ED). The main questions it aims to answer are: If early initiated noradrenaline in non-bleeding hypotensive patients presenting in the ED can * Improve time to shock control. * Reduce the need for ICU admittance. * Decrease mortality. Participants will be included by the clinical staff and treated urgently with either noradrenaline or usual treatment during their Emergency Department stay. After completion of the treatment in the Emergency Department, patient data will be extracted from the bed-side measurements, electronic health records and national registers. Patients will be contacted by the research staff 1 year after study inclusion to answer brief questions about their daily physical function and ability to care for themselves. Researchers will compare with patients receiving fluid therapy only, as this is the usual standard of care in Danish and Swedish Emergency Departments.

This study is being conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of VBI-S in elevating the blood pressure of septic shock patients with absolute or relative hypovolemia.