Immunosuppressive Agents

Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage chronic kidney disease. Kidney transplantation is at the first rank of solid organ transplantation in France, with 3,376 grafts performed in 2022. Immunosuppressive therapy, required to prevent graft rejection, exposes graft recipients to complications related to decreased immunity, including opportunistic infections and neoplastic complications. After the earlt post-transplantation period, up to 10% of kidney transplant recipients will require admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). The main reasons for admission are septic shock and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. ICU stay has a significant impact on these patients with a mortality rate reaching 40%, that remains increased even after ICU discharge. Furthermore, an impact on graft function has been demonstrated, with deterioration of graft function in 1/3 of patients, and among those, up to one in two will require resumption of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Although the occurrence of septic shock or acute respiratory failure related to an infection is more common and severe, the optimal management strategy for immunosuppressors is not defined in kidney transplant recipients admitted to the ICU in those settings. Maintain a high level of immunosuppressive therapies may hinder the recovery from the acute critical condition. Furthermore, these treatments have a narrow therapeutic index; for instance, the management of calcineurin inhibitors is challenging in the ICU due to pharmacodynamic changes associated with the acute situation (distribution volume, organ failure) and the numerous potential drug interactions that carry inherent risks of overdose. the investigators hypothesize that a reduction in the level of immunosuppressive treatments could promote recovery in kidney transplant recipients admitted to the ICU for septic shock and/or acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, without adversely affecting the risk of rejection or long-term renal prognosis.

This international, multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial evaluates the safety and efficacy of single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) compared to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in elderly or high bleeding risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the latest generation drug-coated balloon (DCB). The study includes patients with stable or unstable coronary syndromes and aims to assess rates of ischemic and bleeding adverse events.