Impaired Consciousness

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a severe and life-threatening condition, with 35% of AIS patients experiencing impaired consciousness upon admission within 24 hours of onset. Previous studies indicated that patients with impaired consciousness at the onset of stroke have a higher incidence of stroke-related complications, particularly cerebral edema and pneumonia, as well as higher in-hospital and three-month mortality rates. The etiology of impaired consciousness in AIS is complex: ischemic damage to reticular activating system of the brainstem can directly lead to cell necrosis and result in impaired consciousness. Furthermore, secondary pathological changes following AIS, such as excitatory amino acid toxicity, oxidative stress, free radical production, and cascading inflammatory responses, can indirectly worsen impaired consciousness. Therefore, impaired consciousness at the onset of AIS is the result of cellular damage under multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Developing neuroprotective drugs with multiple targets is key to effectively improving adverse outcomes related to impaired consciousness in AIS. However, there is currently a lack of treatment specifically aimed at improving impaired consciousness at the onset of AIS. Cultivated Bovine Bezoar (Bovis Calculus Stativus, BCS) combines the advantages of pharmacological similarity to natural bovine by adding components such as deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, and composite calcium bilirubin to fresh bovine bile. It is rich in various trace elements and amino acids and is a compound medication that can exert neuroprotective effects through multiple pathways and targets. In traditional Chinese medicine, it has long been used to treat various consciousness disorder-related diseases, including stroke. The various components of in vitro cultivated bezoar are also widely used in clinical research for various neurological diseases.The above evidence fully demonstrates that BCS is an optimal treatment for impaired consciousness in stroke. The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if Bovis Calculus Stativus works to treat acute cerebral ischemic stroke with impaired consciousness. It will also learn about the safety of Bovis Calculus Stativus. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Does Bovis Calculus Stativus treat and alleviate consciousness disorders in patients with acute cerebral infarction accompanied by impaired consciousness ？ 2. What medical problems do participants have when taking Bovis Calculus Stativus? Researchers will compare Bovis Calculus Stativus to a placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug) to see if Bovis Calculus Stativus works to treat acute cerebral ischemic stroke with impaired consciousness. Participants will: 1. receive treatment with Bovis Calculus Stativus (or placebo) for 5 days. 2. Take an in-person or telephone follow-up within 90 days after the acute stroke.

A variety of antineuronal antibodies have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with neurological diseases. This raises the question of whether these antibodies are disease-specific or merely an epiphenomenon of inflammatory processes in the brain. The registry was established with the following objectives: \[1\] Are antineuronal antibodies much more common than previously thought in various neurological disorders for which the etiology has not yet been elucidated? \[2\] Can further correlations, such as those between HSV infection and NMDA receptor autoimmunity, be identified? \[3\] Are these antibodies mainly non-specific epiphenomena or are they crucial for the pathogenesis? \[4\] What is the clinical course of patients with antineuronal antibodies and their response to therapy? These questions will be addressed in a broad immunohistological screening of a large number of CSF samples and a clinical database of patients with neurological disorders.