Incarceration

The goal of this pilot trial is to compare two branded extended-release buprenorphine (XR-B) formulations (Sublocade vs. Brixadi) to explore how they improve treatment retention after release from prison among incarcerated individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) who are transitioning back into the community. The main question it aims to answer are: How do Sublocade and Brixadi compare in terms of feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness? Does giving people a choice of medication affect how well they stay in treatment? Using a partially randomized preference trial approach, there will be a comparison between participants who choose their XR-B formulation to those who are randomly assigned to see if patient preference influences treatment outcomes. The trial is a hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial. Participants will: * Choose which medication they prefer or be randomly assigned if they don't have a preference. * Receive monthly injections of either Sublocade or Brixadi before and after release from prison. * Complete surveys and clinical assessments on treatment experience and acceptability. * Be monitored for treatment retention, opioid use, and adverse events for six months post-release. Researchers will compare the two treatments to see which one works better for people leaving prison and if allowing people to choose their treatment improves results.

The existence of social inequalities is a major global issue and a salient challenge for the European Union. During COVID-19 pandemic, health disparities became more evident. Indeed, the low-income residents in several European countries, including Greece, had limited access to the healthcare system for several reasons. In addition, vulnerable populations, with patients suffering from opioid use disorders and incarcerated individuals being among them, do not have the same chances regarding health services, compared to the general population. According to the World Health Organization, physical activity is a key non-pharmaceutical intervention for both prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases and address of social health inequalities. Thus, this study will focus on specific population groups of the Region of Thessaly, Greece, who have limited access to healthcare services. It aims, primarily, to the assessment of demographic characteristics (i.e., body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, educational level etc), which are fundamental parameters for the assessment of health inequalities. Secondly, quality of life, physical activity levels and biomarkers in the level of Biochemistry (i.e., blood oxidative stress and inflammation) and Physiology (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition) will be collected a well. All data will be integrated into an interactive digital platform that will be accessible by any putative stakeholder in the area of health system or administration. Based on scientifically robust data and evidence-based findings, the research team of the project will draft recommendations and guidelines that will be communicated to all stakeholders. To that end, the problem of limited access to health system that the examined populations face, will be highlighted and targeted actions and policies are expected to be adopted by local (i.e., in the province of Thessaly) and national (i.e., Greek) authorities. In this respect, non-pharmaceutical interventions and guidelines will be proposed towards the trajectory of holistically approaching the issue of health inequalities.

Investigators will execute a mixed methods randomized controlled trial to determine the impacts of cash transfers of $1,000 per month for one month followed by $750 for eleven months. Investigators will measure the impacts of the cash transfers on physical and mental health, housing stability, healthcare utilization, financial stability, and interactions with the criminal legal system.

The California Hub for HIV/SUD Prevention Research with Reentry Populations addresses the question: "Can the evidence-based MEPS intervention be adapted and implemented at a range of organizations to effectively serve a wider range of clients?" The Mobile Enhanced Prevention Support (MEPS) intervention was originally implemented in Los Angeles County and was proven successful in promoting biomedical HIV prevention (PrEP) uptake and preventative screenings in people who used drugs who recently left incarceration. MEPS is an evidence-based intervention for people with substance use disorders (SUD) that incorporates a client-centered planning session, including trained peer mentors, service utilization incentives, and a mobile application (GeoPass). The study includes a randomized controlled trial (RCT) across three community partners located in Riverside and Alameda Counties. At least 300 people will be enrolled in these three counties; the first 200 will be randomized to either receive the intervention or usual care, with the final 100 all receiving the intervention. The primary implementation outcome for the study involves using an implementation science framework and assessment tools to examine MEPS's implementation. Key outcomes include how well the implementation strategies used support intervention enrollment and retention, integration with existing services in each partnering community agency, and perceived intervention acceptability, feasibility, appropriateness, and maintenance at 6- and 12-months. The primary effectiveness outcome for the study is an increase in HIV testing, PrEP uptake and adherence, and SUD service utilization at 6 months and 12 months in the MEPS compared to the usual care group. Secondary effectiveness outcomes include frequency of service use for SUDs, hepatitis C virus testing, and linkage to care for those who test positive for HIV or hepatitis C.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether a low-barrier treatment program can help people with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who are in jail start and complete treatment more easily. This study focuses on adults at the Rhode Island Department of Corrections who have active HCV and are awaiting trial. The study asks: * Can a simplified, low-barrier HCV treatment program work in a jail setting? * Do participants finish treatment and get cured using this approach? All participants will receive a 12-week course of the HCV medication sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (Epclusa). If they are released before completing treatment, they will take the remaining doses with them. Community Health Workers (CHWs) will help support participants after release, including reminding them to take medications and helping them get follow-up lab work. Researchers will measure: * Whether participants are cured of HCV * Whether the treatment approach is easy to use (feasible), acceptable, and followed correctly (fidelity) * Whether the program could be used in other jails or expanded in the future This study may help bring HCV treatment to more people in jail, reduce community spread of the virus, and support national goals to eliminate HCV.

The goal of this study is to measure the implementation and effectiveness of a multicomponent strategy for PrEP for people who are incarcerated at the Dallas County Jail. Specifically, based on a patients risk score on an electronic medical record HIV prediction model, referrals from providers and/or patient self-referrals, a PrEP patient navigator will meet with individuals at the jail to discuss HIV risk, offer HIV/STI testing if not yet completed and offer education around PrEP with referrals to community-based PrEP providers.