Incentives

The goal of this cluster-randomized type 1 effectiveness implementation hybrid trial is to evaluate whether a community health worker led, integrated digital health intervention (Huduma Kwa Wakati; "Timely Services" in Kiswahili) can improve rates of timely well visits and receipt of key recommended preventive interventions among children in their first year of life. The hypothesis is that Huduma Kwa Wakati will improve the timeliness and rates of completion of child well visits and receipt of recommended preventive services before age 1 year, compared to the standard of care. Researchers will compare outcomes among children enrolled from intervention clusters and no-intervention comparison clusters. Outcomes will also be compared to a cross-sectional retrospective comparison sample. This study will address the lack of rigorous evidence on the effectiveness of a community-based digital health intervention for promoting rates and timeliness of preventive service receipt among children from sub-Saharan Africa, and identify implementation strategies to facilitate the deployment of integrated community-based digital health interventions in low- and middle-income country settings.

Few Americans meet dietary recommendations. Poor diet is a major contributor to increasing prevalence of diabetes and obesity, which are negatively impacting long term health, quality of life, and healthcare costs, particularly among low-income, racial and ethnic minority, and rural populations in the U.S. To help address these inequities, produce prescription programs are being implemented in many health care settings. However, key research gaps and programmatic barriers remain. In the proposed project, the investigators will use research, education, and extension to improve nutrition security in rural underserved communities and deliver science-based knowledge to consumers, allowing them to make informed, practical decisions that can improve health equity. The project goal is to implement and rigorously evaluate an innovative primary-care based healthy food prescription that is paired with incentives to use the local supermarket's established healthy food shelf-tag labeling system to increase healthy food choices at the point of purchase. The investigators will: 1) assess the program's impact on participants' food and nutrition security, 2) assess the program's impact on participants' supermarket purchases and diet, and explore the program's impact on health, and 3) use the research findings to engage health systems, nutrition educators, and communities in evidence-based strategies to improve nutrition security. The program has the potential to sustainably encourage healthy food choices where decisions matter-in the supermarket, using existing supermarket resources. Improving purchasing patterns by increasing sales of less processed and whole foods, could also positively affect industry offerings and sustainability of the agricultural system as a whole.

The goal of this cluster Randomised Controlled Trial (cRCT) is to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of demand-side incentives (DSIs) in improving immunisation coverage and reducing the burden of zero-dose children between the age of 12-23months in Nigeria. The study seeks to answer the following questions 1. What is the impact of demand-side incentives on increasing immunization coverage in the selected subnational regions of Nigeria? 2. What is the effect of demand-side incentives on reducing the zero-dose burden in selected subnational regions in Nigeria? 3. What is the effect of various demand-side incentive schemes on improving the timeliness of vaccination among children aged 0 to 23 months in the selected subnational regions of Nigeria? 4. What is the impact of different demand-side incentive schemes on enhancing the immunization knowledge and perception of caregivers with children aged 0 to 23 months in the selected subnational regions Nigeria by December 2025.

The goal of this substudy is to determine if a brief single-session-intervention (SSI) coupled with different incentive strategies to support engaging in wellness-related activities.