Insomnia, Nonorganic

Non-organic insomnia is a prevalent disorder that significantly impairs quality of life, characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep alongside daytime functional decline. This condition is particularly common among adults facing chronic stress, which increases the risk of chronic diseases and dysregulates the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (MGBA)-a bidirectional communication system between the central nervous system and the gut microbiota. Prolonged sleep deprivation and stress can trigger inflammatory responses and gut dysbiosis, which in turn exacerbate emotional and sleep disturbances. While conventional sedative-hypnotics often carry side effects and risks of dependency, traditional medicine interventions are emerging as potential sustainable solutions. This study evaluates the efficacy of thread embedding combined with auricular acupressure based on individualized traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation, while clarifying the relationship between clinical sleep improvement and changes in MGBA-related inflammatory markers, specifically interleukin-6 and calprotectin. The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the clinical efficacy and preliminarily investigate the mechanisms of action-via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis-of individualized Traditional Chinese Medicine (targeting Heart-Spleen Deficiency and Liver Qi Stagnation syndromes) using thread embedding acupuncture combined with auricular acupressure to improve sleep quality in patients with insomnia, compared to a non-individualized protocol. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does the combined method of thread embedding acupuncture and auricular acupressure based on syndrome differentiation improve sleep quality more effectively than the standardized protocol? * Is there a significant difference in the change of IL-6 and Calprotectin levels following treatment in the intervention group compared to the control group? * Does post-treatment clinical improvement correlate with the reduction of these inflammatory markers? Participants will: * Receive thread embedding acupuncture sessions every 4 weeks and have ear seeds (auricular acupressure) replaced every 2 weeks . Self-massage the ear seeds for 1 to 2 minutes several times each day, especially before bedtime. * Complete assessments of sleep quality (PSQI, ISI) and digestive health (GSRS) every 2 weeks through week 8. * Provide blood and stool samples at the start and end of the study to measure inflammation markers. * Be monitored for any adverse effects, such as local pain, dizziness, or needle fainting, during the trial period.

This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a multicenter, single-blind methodology. Participants diagnosed with insomnia attributable to the Heart-Spleen Deficiency pattern, receiving treatment at the Ho Chi Minh City Hospital of Traditional Medicine and Hospital 1A, were randomly allocated into two groups.

This study evaluates two behavioral treatments for patients with insomnia disorder: Bedtime Restriction Therapy (BRT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I). Both therapies aim to improve the clinical symptomatology of insomnia by teaching participants techniques to better manage their sleep schedule and habits. BRT is a simpler and shorter therapy focused on aligning the time spent in bed with reported sleep time. CBT-I includes additional components such as relaxation techniques and cognitive exercises. The study will compare these treatments to see if BRT is as effective as CBT-I in improving the clinical symptomatology of insomnia.