Knowledge

Introduction: Advanced maxillofacial imaging techniques, such as CBCT, CT, MRI, and hybrid modalities (PET/CT and SPECT/CT), have transformed diagnosis and treatment planning in dentistry. However, their increasing availability poses challenges related to the appropriate indication, interpretation, and application of radiation protection principles. Previous studies suggest variability in the level of knowledge and attitudes of dental professionals, which can impact the quality of care and patient safety. Objective: To evaluate and compare the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding advanced maxillofacial imaging techniques among general dentists, dentists with postgraduate training, undergraduate/master's students in dentistry, and maxillofacial surgeons. Methodology: A cross-sectional study will be conducted using a structured questionnaire administered to general dentists, specialists, and students. A non-probability convenience sampling method will be used, with an estimated sample size of 220 participants. Statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS (version 31.0.1.0), establishing a significance level of p \< 0.05. A descriptive analysis of the variables will be carried out, expressing qualitative variables as frequencies and percentages, and quantitative variables as mean and standard deviation or median and range, depending on their distribution, which will be assessed using normality tests. For bivariate analysis, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests will be used to compare the level of knowledge, attitudes, and confidence levels between groups, according to the data distribution, with post-hoc analysis in case of significant differences. Ordinal variables, such as the frequency of test requests, will be analyzed using chi-square tests. Associations between variables will also be explored using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, Student's t-test, or Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square tests, depending on the nature of the data. Expected conclusion: This study will allow us to identify differences in knowledge and attitudes between groups, as well as detect training needs, contributing to optimizing clinical practice and radiological safety in dentistry.

The goal of this research is to investigate oral health knowledge in pregnant women receiving care at Hospital La Fe and to see whether a one-time informational intervention improves this knowledge. The main questions this research aims to answer are: What is the level of oral health knowledge among pregnant women attending Hospital La Fe? Does a one-time informational intervention, delivered through a printed leaflet, improve oral health knowledge during pregnancy? What factors are related to differences in oral health knowledge among pregnant women? Participants are pregnant women receiving care at Hospital La Fe. They will: Complete a questionnaire about their oral health knowledge. Receive a printed informational leaflet about oral health during pregnancy. Complete the same questionnaire again after a period of time to see if their knowledge has changed. Researchers will compare answers before and after the leaflet is provided to see whether oral health knowledge improves. They will also explore which personal or social factors are linked to different levels of oral health knowledge.

Cancer is becoming more common worldwide. In countries like the United States, cases of breast and colorectal cancer have increased in recent years. A similar pattern is seen in Oman, where breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and colorectal cancer is the most common among men. As more people are diagnosed with cancer, there is a growing need for safe and effective cancer treatment. One important type of treatment is systemic anticancer therapy (SACT), which includes medications such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. These treatments are powerful and can cause serious side effects if not given correctly. Because of this, nurses who administer these treatments need special knowledge and skills to ensure patient safety. This study aims to develop an online learning (e-learning) program to help nurses improve their knowledge, skills, and confidence in safely administering systemic anticancer therapy. The study will also evaluate whether this e-learning program is effective compared to routine education. The study will be conducted in two major cancer care centers in Oman: the National Oncology Centre at Royal Hospital and the Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre. Nurses working in oncology and hematology units in these centers will be invited to participate. Participants will be divided into two groups. One group will receive access to the e-learning program (intervention group), while the other group will continue with their usual training (control group). The assignment to these groups will be done randomly to ensure fairness. Before starting the program, all participants will complete a questionnaire to assess their current knowledge, attitude, and practices related to systemic anticancer therapy. They will also provide basic information such as their age, years of experience, and previous training. The e-learning program will be developed based on the learning needs of nurses and reviewed by experts in oncology to ensure accuracy and quality. Nurses in the intervention group will be given time to complete the online training. After the training period, all participants (both groups) will complete the same questionnaire again. This will help researchers compare the results before and after the training, as well as between the two groups, to see if the e-learning program made a difference. The study will also assess how satisfied the nurses are with the e-learning program, as learner satisfaction is important for the success of educational interventions. Participation in this study is voluntary. All participants will provide written informed consent before joining the study. They will be informed about the purpose of the study, what they need to do, and their right to withdraw at any time without any negative consequences. All information collected will be kept confidential and used only for research purposes. At the end of the study, nurses in the control group will also be given access to the e-learning program to ensure fairness. The results of this study are expected to show that the e-learning program improves nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices in administering systemic anticancer therapy. This may help improve patient safety and the quality of cancer care in Oman.

The goal of this InTroDuce-Programme interventional trial aims to test whether a web-based educational program can improve pregnant women's knowledge about Influenza and Tdap vaccinations and increase their intention to get vaccinated in the future. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does the InTroDuce-Programme increase knowledge and future intention of pregnant mothers to get vaccinated against Influenza and Tdap? How does demographic factors, attitudes and barriers affect vaccination decisions among pregnant mothers? Researchers will compare InTroDuce-Programme to standard care (routine antenatal care) to see if InTroDuce-Programme works to improve knowledge and future intention of pregnant mothers to be vaccinated against Influenza and Tdap. Participants will: Receive the web-based educational module (InTroDuce-Programme), which covers the importance, safety, and effectiveness of vaccinations, as well as addressing common concerns. Be followed up one month after the intervention. Answer questionnaires before and after the intervention to measure changes in vaccination knowledge and future intention to get vaccinated

The Quit and Screen Project seeks to engage healthcare providers in helping adults who smoke to quit tobacco use, including menthol cigarettes and flavored cigars, and screen for lung cancer early as strategies to reduce multiple chronic diseases. The goal of this clinical trial is to test the feasibility and impact of the Quit and Screen Project alone versus the G02 (Global Knowledge Center for Lung Cancer) Lung Cancer Screening training + the Quit and Screen Project training modules on changes in provider knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions related to provider advice to quit smoking and referrals for low dose computed tomography among health care providers randomly assigned to each condition. Participants will complete the training modules and complete pre- and post-tests to assess these outcomes.

this study aims to compare the effectiveness of a one-day versus two-day ALS recertification course in terms of knowledge retention, practical skills performance, participant satisfaction, and confidence.

The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to investigate the effectiveness of NeuroBot in alleviating anxiety of patients undergoing neurovascular procedures. The main questions it aims to answer are: Is NeuroBot effective in alleviating anxiety? Is NeuroBot effective in enhancing patients' procedure and disease-related knowledge? Is NeuroBot effective in enhancing patients' compliance to treatment? If there is a comparison group: Researchers will compare with standard perioperative education (control group) to see if there is any difference in results. Participants will be invited to chat with the artificial intelligence based chatbot "NeuroBot" for 6 weeks, from the date of preoperative clinic visit till 4 weeks after the surgery. The participants are allowed to access the NeuroBot at anytime anywhere, to ask surgery- related questions at their discretion.

This project investigates whether a multi-faceted strategy involving iLookOut's evidence-based Core Training plus an innovative follow-up Micro-Learning can promote knowledge retention and change behavior among early childhood professionals (ECPs) with regard to child abuse and its reporting. Additionally, this study will evaluate if non-ECPs experience similar improvements and retention of knowledge and changes in behavior as do ECPs.

Background: Infectious diseases remain significant public health concerns due to several factors such as climate and environmental changes and natural disasters. Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) can be an appropriate way for fostering community participation, disseminating knowledge, and promoting behavior change toward infectious disease prevention. This study aims to describe a protocol for a pilot randomized controlled study to evaluate the impact of the Omaha System-Based mHealth app (BUHOS) on improving knowledge, attitude, and behaviors (KAB) regarding infectious disease prevention in an earthquake-affected region of Türkiye. Methods: This study is a two-armed, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial design. A total of 112 eligible participants will be recruited from two separate container cities of an earthquake-affected region. These participants will be randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group. BUHOS will be designed based on the Omaha System, a widely recognized standardized taxonomy for the assessment, planning, and evaluation of healthcare services. BUHOS will be a two-week nursing intervention that includes monitoring KAB, employing Education, Guidance and Counseling (education videos), and Surveillance (reminder messages), and assessing the outcomes. Outcome variables will include the Problem Rating Scale for Outcomes, Community Communicable Diseases Knowledge Survey, Communicable Diseases Risk Awareness and Protection Scale and System Usability Scale. Outcome variables will be assessed on the 15th and 30th day after intervention. Hypotheses: H1: Among the Omaha System Problems, the Communicable/ Infectious Condition Problem Knowledge score will be higher on the 15th and 30th days compared to the control group. H2: Infectious diseases risk awareness and prevention score will be higher on the 15th and 30th days compared to the control group. H3: Communicable/ Infectious Condition Status Behaviour Parameter score will be higher on the 15th and 30th days compared to the control group H4: The knowledge and behaviour of the communicable/ infectious status and the awareness and prevention of the risk of infectious diseases of the experimental group will be higher than before the intervention on the 15th and 30th days.

Packaging plays an important role in consumers' orientation and purchase of any product. Warnings about the harms of smoking on cigarette packages give at least 7000 warnings per year for an addict who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day. This study was planned to determine the effects of written and visual messages on sanitary pad packaging on women's knowledge and attitudes towards family planning. The research was planned as a randomized controlled experimental study. The research will be conducted with women who come to the Family Health Centers of the Samsun Provincial Health Directorate in the Atakum district for the care and follow-up of their babies between January 2024 and January 2025. The research will be conducted with two groups as intervention and control groups. The sample size was calculated using the G\*Power 3.1.9.2 program and was found to be 39 for the intervention group and 39 for the control group. In order to increase the analytical power of the research, it was planned to increase the sample size by 30% and to include a total of 100 people (intervention group: 50 and control group: 50) with the non-probability sampling (random) method. Personal Information Form, Family Planning Information Form and Family Planning Attitude Scale will be used to collect data. In the first interview, the first section of the Personal Information Form will be filled in using the face-to-face interview technique, and the Family Planning Information Form and Family Planning Attitude Scale will be filled in according to the woman's own report. Three months after the first interview, the second section of the Introductory Information Form, the Family Planning Information Form and the Family Planning Attitude Scale will be filled in using the online survey form filling method. The women in the intervention group will be given two packages with written and visual messages about family planning (a total of 28 sanitary pads, 14 in one package). The women in the control group will not be given any materials. The data of the study will be evaluated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 24 program. Descriptive statistics will be given, and for compliance with normal distribution, Kolmogorov-Smirnov will be used to evaluate, and for those that are not suitable, the Student t test, ANOVA test, paired two-sample t test, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis test, Wilcoxon test, Friedman test will be used. The Type 1 error level will be taken as 0.05.

The goal of this study is to find out if adding HPV vaccination to adolescent health services works to increase HPV vaccine uptake in 10-13-year-old girls in Laos. The study will also look at the effects of adding HPV vaccination on the use of other health services in 10-13-year-old boys and girls. The main questions the study aims to answer are: 1. Does adding HPV vaccination to adolescent health services increase HPV vaccine uptake in girls aged 10-13 years compared to girls who only receive standard HPV vaccination services? 2. Does adding HPV vaccination to adolescent health services increase the use of other health services in 10-13-year-old adolescent boys and girls compared to adolescents who only receive standard HPV vaccination services? 3. What are the barriers and facilitators to using the combined intervention in Laos? 4. What are the opinions of adolescents, caregivers, healthcare providers, and other stakeholders on the combined intervention? 5. How much does it cost and how well it works to combine HPV vaccination with adolescent health services, as opposed to providing HPV vaccination alone? Researchers will compare a combined intervention to standard HPV vaccination services to see if the combined intervention works to increase HPV vaccination uptake and the use of other health services. The combined intervention includes HPV vaccination given at schools, health facilities, and through community outreach. It also includes education on sexual and reproductive health, counseling, and other health services. Participants in the combined intervention group will: 1. Receive the HPV vaccine at school or at a health facility. 2. Take part in group discussions about sexual and reproductive health. 3. Take part in individual counseling sessions. 4. Use other health services as needed. Participants in the comparison group will receive standard HPV vaccination services, including: • HPV vaccination given at schools, health facilities, and through community outreach.

This study will be conducted in a randomized controlled experimental research design with pretest, posttest control group.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of a novel financial and capacity strengthening intervention (the 'Water Quality Assurance Fund' program) on water safety management in rural Ghana and Kenya. The investigators hypothesize the intervention will improve water system operator knowledge, chlorination practices, and water quality at the point of collection, as well as improve consumer satisfaction, awareness, and willingness-to-pay for water that is tested and treated.

evaluating the extent of knowledge of vital pulp therapy in permanent dentition among a group of dental interns in Egypt after educational programme.

The goal of this clinical trial is to test the effectiveness of a 6-week socialization and sex education curriculum (STEPS2) in young people (aged 16-27 years) with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), including people with Down syndrome. The main question it aims to answer is: Does the STEPS2 health education curriculum increase the proportion of individuals who: 1. have had a discussion with a medical professional about their sexual health (including sexually transmitted infection testing for those who are sexually active); 2. know whether they have had the HPV vaccination; 3. have had the HPV vaccination; 4. know what sex is; and 5. know how people get pregnant. These are the primary outcomes which are being measured one year after study enrollment. Secondary outcomes include knowledge around sexual health and behaviors around contraception and STI prevention among those sexually active at baseline, as well as satisfaction with the intervention. Participants are randomized to receive either the socialization and sex education curriculum in the experimental group, called the STEPS2 curriculum, or a nutrition and physical exercise curriculum in the comparison group, called Steps To Your Health (STYH). Participants in the STEPS2 experimental group meet with a health educator in one-on-one individually tailored sessions virtually once a week for one hour for 6 weeks. Participants in the STYH comparison group meet with a health educator in small group sessions of 6-10 participants virtually once a week for one hour for 6 weeks. Researchers will compare sexual and reproductive health knowledge and behaviors one year after study enrollment to see if the STEPS2 curriculum is effective at increasing knowledge and healthy behaviors.