Labor Dystocia

The purpose of this study is to is to determine the clinical effectiveness of a single dose of intravenous (IV) medication for the prevention of labor arrest and cesarean delivery in primiparous women undergoing trial of labor.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if oral bicarbonate can treat prolonged labour in nulliparous women with prolonged labour. The main question it aims to answer is: Do oral bicarbonate and restrictive oxytocin use reduce assisted delivery rate (emergency cesarean and vacuum/forceps delivery) in nulliparous women with prolonged labour. Researchers will compare bicarbonate and placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug) to see if bicarbonate works to treat prolonged labour. Participants will: * drink bicarbonate or placebo * have cervical dilatation reassessed after 2 hours. If still slow progression, they will follow standard protocol for oxytocin augmentation * will receive a questionnaire 1 month post partum to assess birth experience 1/3 of participants will have amniotic fluid lactate measured at inclusion and after 2 hours

The investigators think that calcium carbonate can act as an assistive medication to improve contractions during labor.

The goal of this randomized trial is to test if changing a person's position in labor can increase the chances of delivering their baby vaginally. Specifically, it aims to answer the questions: * In fetuses who are facing upwards (occiput posterior, OP) or sideways (occiput transverse, OT) during labor, does changing the patient's position during active labor to a side-lying posture with a peanut ball increase the chances of them having a successful, spontaneous vaginal delivery? * Does changing the patient's position in active labor affect the position of the baby at the time of delivery? * Do intentional position changes in labor impact patient-perceived autonomy during their labor and delivery experience? Participants will: * Receive an ultrasound during labor to determine the position of their baby * Be asked to adopt a specific position in labor (side-lying with peanut ball) if they are randomized to the study group * Receive additional ultrasounds during labor to assess their baby's position * Fill out a questionnaire about their labor experience following the delivery of their baby

Appropriate and timely care during birth is critical to the survival and health of women and their babies. In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) presented the Labour Care Guide (LCG) as the new recommended tool for monitoring birth and assessing progression, replacing the WHO partograph. This evidence-based guide was designed to ensure improved quality and safety of care, and to avoid unnecessary interventions during birth. The LCG was developed to be used in all settings globally, but it has only been tested in health facilities in South America, Asia and Africa, while it has not been tested in high-income settings. Implementing a new guideline for monitoring birth is a comprehensive operation that will affect both the national economy, health systems, and individual patients; therefore, further research on the possible advantages is needed before national enrolment. Hence, the trial proposed in this application is crucial to form the required foundation of knowledge. The trial will be conducted in labour wards at ten hospitals, covering all health regions in Norway, and the established Norwegian Research Network for Clinical Studies in Obstetrics (NORBIRTH), with dedicated local principal investigators, will provide a robust research environment. This trial will test the effect of the LCG. Results from this trial will provide knowledge needed to determine a future implementation of the LCG in Norway.

Prolonged labor is usually managed with continuous oxytocin infusion. "Oxytocin rest" has been proposed as a strategy to resolve protracted labor in patients who have received continuous oxytocin without progress. This strategy involves discontinuing oxytocin then restarting infusion after a period of time, under the theory that washout of the oxytocin receptor will strengthen uterine contractions to improve labor progress. "Oxytocin rest" is performed on labor and delivery units across the United States. Yet, there is no randomized or prospective data to support the practice. The purpose of this study is to assess whether oxytocin rest of 60 minutes in patients with prolonged labor reduces risk for cesarean delivery.