Lactating Mother

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder of pregnancy associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidity. Lactation has been suggested to improve maternal glucose metabolism, enhance insulin sensitivity, and reduce the risk of future glucose intolerance. However, evidence regarding the protective effect of lactation on the development of GDM in subsequent pregnancies remains limited. This prospective observational cohort study aims to evaluate the association between lactation and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and related pregnancy complications in women who conceive during the lactation period. Routine glycemic markers including fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, glycosuria, and 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results will be recorded. Ultrasonographic findings including fetal abdominal circumference percentile, estimated fetal weight percentile, and amniotic fluid index will also be assessed. The study will investigate whether lactation is associated with a reduced risk of GDM, fetal macrosomia, and polyhydramnios in subsequent pregnancies.

Pharmacotherapy for lactating women in Hungary presents a unique challenge. While certain medications may pose risks to the infant or reduce breast milk production, the unnecessary avoidance of treatment can also be harmful. Despite this, no dedicated Hungarian website currently provides guidance on the safe use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications for breastfeeding mothers. To address this gap, the aim is to develop a website that not only meets clinical standards but also presents essential information in a clear, accessible format that helps mothers understand and retain key details by choosing the best medium. Our main question is: What is the most effective way to educate lactating women about OTC medication use through an online platform?

The study aims to assess the effectiveness of male-female VHV/Ws working in pairs on women's uptake of second PNC visits in rural Sepone, Lao PDR. Methods A quasi-experimental cluster study will be conducted between July 2024 and October 2026 in 37 selected sites from two districts in southern Lao PDR. In 19 selected intervention villages in the Sepone district, female-male VHV/Ws pairs will promote postpartum services, whereas, in 18 similar control villages in the Vilabuly district, VHV/Ws will work as individuals.