Laughter

Primiparous women constitute a special risk group who may experience higher levels of fear of childbirth and lower birth self-efficacy during pregnancy due to their lack of prior childbirth experience. Fear of childbirth is associated with increased anxiety, negative birth experiences, and unnecessary medical interventions, while birth self-efficacy is an important determinant of adaptation to the birth process and positive birth outcomes. In recent years, non-pharmacological and mind-body-based interventions have become increasingly important in the management of these psychological problems. Laughter yoga is a complementary method that combines conscious laughter exercises with breathing techniques to reduce stress and anxiety. This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of laughter yoga on fear of childbirth and self-efficacy during childbirth in primiparous pregnant women. The study aims to provide scientific evidence for the use of laughter yoga as an effective, safe, and inexpensive psychosocial intervention that can be applied in prenatal care.