Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

This study will seek to enroll immunocompromised patients with Lower Tract parainfluenza infection. It also contains a sub-study to enroll patients with severe COVID-19.

Eliminating inappropriate antibiotic use in pediatric lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) is the central focus of this research. LRTIs (pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and infection-related exacerbations of asthma) account for nearly one-third of all emergency department (ED) visits and 40% of all infection-related hospitalizations in US children. LRTIs also account for more antibiotic use in children's hospitals than any other condition, despite most LRTIs being viral in nature. Inappropriate antibiotics are associated with substantial adverse effects. Accordingly, national guidelines strongly discourage routine antibiotic use for bronchiolitis and acute asthma and argue for significantly reducing antibiotic exposure (initiation, spectrum, and duration) in pneumonia. To address the problem of inappropriate antibiotic use, hospital-based antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are now common nationwide, and these programs have demonstrated effectiveness in some hospital settings. Unfortunately, traditional ASP approaches do not translate well to the fast-paced and unpredictable ED environment, and hospital-based ASP resources are finite and not always immediately available. Clinical decision support (CDS) embedded within the electronic health record (EHR) is a strategy that could address the ED antibiotic stewardship gap. Informed by a deep understanding of the key facilitators and barriers to using CDS to support appropriate antibiotic use in ED and hospital settings, the investigators have developed two stewardship-focused CDS interventions for pediatric LRTI. The overarching goal of this research is to rigorously evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of these CDS tools, alone and in combination, against usual care only in a pragmatic randomized clinical trial at 3 U.S. children's hospitals.

This is a Prospective, multi-center study enrolling adults subjects presented to the ED/Urgent care, with symptoms consistent with lower respiratory infection (LRTI). The reason of this study is to demonstrate the MeMed BV can help clinicians make decisions about using antibiotics in patients with lower respiratory track infections and see how it would impact clinical outcomes, antibiotics use, hospitalizations, ED clinicians find ways to improve health and medical care.

This study aims to identify the clinical factors that predict the severity of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in pediatric patients. Children admitted to Assiut University Children's Hospital with a diagnosis of CAP will be evaluated through clinical examination, vital signs, laboratory investigations, and radiological findings. The study focuses on determining which clinical features are associated with more severe disease, higher need for oxygen therapy, intensive care admission, or complications. Understanding these predictors may help clinicians recognize severe cases earlier and improve patient management and outcomes.

This study aimed to analyses the clinical characteristics, risk factors and underlying causes as predictors of recurrent pneumonia in children attending AUCH

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are one of the most common reasons for consultation in Primary Care centres. Differentiating between viral and bacterial aetiologies can be challenging, leading to inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. Lung ultrasound (LUS), an imaging test that gained particular relevance since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, offers several advantages over the classic chest X-ray in detecting and monitoring LRTIs, especially when pleural involvement exists. This study aims to correlate LUS findings with capillary blood C-Reactive Protein (CRP) values in patients with LRTIs, evaluating LUS as a diagnostic tool and its impact on therapeutic decisions. The descriptive observational study, conducted from January 2024 to December 2026 in Lleida, will include LRTI patients attending Primary Care centres. By validating LUS as a rapid and non-invasive diagnostic tool, unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions can be reduced, promoting LUS as a complementary test in Primary Care consultations. This will facilitate appropriate diagnosis and treatment decisions for patients with LRTIs, enhancing the overall management of respiratory infections.