Lumbar Spine Disease

This randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided retrolaminar block in reducing postoperative opioid consumption in patients undergoing lumbar spine fusion surgery under multimodal analgesia. The participants will: * Be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a retrolaminar block with 0.25% bupivacaine plus epinephrine or a sham block (normal saline) prior to surgical incision. * Receive standardized multimodal analgesia. * Have follow-up by the Acute Pain Unit during the first 3 days, to assess opioid consumption (morphine) in 24 hours, pain intensity measured by Numeric Rating Scale, quality of recovery assessed by the QoR-15 questionnaire, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of a 3D interactive model versus traditional teaching methods in enhancing the teaching of thoracic and lumbar spine fractures classification (AO Spine) among orthopedic residents. The main questions this study aims to answer are: Does the use of a 3D interactive model improve residents' knowledge regarding the AO Spine classification of spine fractures compared to traditional teaching methods? To what extent does the utilization of a 3D interactive model enhance understanding of spinal anatomy, injury mechanisms, pathophysiology, and fracture diagnosis among surgical residents? Participants will be randomly assigned to either: Group A: Access to the 3D interactive model depicting thoracic and lumbar spine fractures based on the AO Spine classification. They can explore fractures, access textual information, and anatomical annotations. Group B: Traditional teaching materials including slides, texts, and diagrams illustrating spine fractures according to the AO Spine classification. Researchers will compare the post-training knowledge and confidence levels in managing spine fractures between the two groups to assess the efficacy of the 3D model. Participants will be required to fill out pre- and post-training questionnaires assessing their knowledge, experience with 3D educational tools, confidence levels in managing spine fractures, and satisfaction with the teaching method. The study aims to ascertain if the use of the 3D model significantly enhances residents' comprehension of spine fractures compared to conventional teaching methods within the orthopedic curriculum.