Lung Abscess

This study aims to investigate if early drainage of lung abscesses, in addition to standard antibiotic treatment, leads to shorter length of hospital stay. Study Design This is a randomized, controlled clinical trial. That means participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: 1. Drainage group: Receives a chest tube (drain) inserted through the chest wall into the abscess in combination with standard intravenous antibiotics. 2. Control group: Receives standard intravenous antibiotics only Each participant has a 50/50 chance of being placed in either group. During Hospital Stay All participants will begin treatment with intravenous antibiotics (piperacillin/tazobactam). If assigned to the drainage group, a trained medical team will insert a small tube into the abscess to drain the pus. The tube is flushed three times a day with sterile saline. Participants will also: * Fill out two short health questionnaires at the start and during follow-up. * Have relevant medical history collected from their hospital records. * Undergo routine scans (CT), blood tests, and lung assessments as part of standard care. * A cheek swab will be taken from all participants to study mouth bacteria.. For those receiving drainage the pus from the lung abscess will be collected for microbiological analysis. Microbiology samples will be stored in a research biobank and destroyed after analysis. Follow-up after discharge * 1 week: A phone call to check symptoms and infection levels via a blood test. * 4 and 12 weeks later: In-person checkups at the lung clinic, including: * 6-minute walk test * Lung function test * Repeat health questionnaires * CT scan * Blood tests (up to 20 ml in total over the study) * 1 years: Medical records are reviewed to asses morbidity and mortality. Participants The study will include 84 adult patients who are hospitalized with a lung abscess larger than 4 cm, located near the outer part of the lung. Inclusion will take place at five university hospitals in Denmark Why This Study Matters There are no official guidelines for treating lung abscesses, and research is limited. This study could offer vital new insights that help update treatment recommendations in Denmark and internationally. Because all five Danish regions are involved, the results could quickly be implemented into daily practice, improving care for future patients with this serious condition.

Double lumen tubes (DLT) have become standard of care for one lung ventilation in thoracic and esophageal surgeries. Selection of accurate size of DLT is important to achieve proper one lung ventilation, prevent trauma to airway, easy intubation, prevention of displacement of DLT and adequate oxygenation intraoperatively. There are no definitive guidelines to select the correct size of DLT. The aim of this study is to observe if there is any difference in the number of intubation attempts, intraoperative oxygenation and postoperative sore throat while using 35 Fr DLT size and other DLT size. The research will be conducted between Ashoj 1st 2082 to Chaitra 30 2082 at Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center(MCVTC). Fifty patients aged more than eighteen years undergoing thoracic surgery requiring One Lung Ventilation(OLV) with left sided DLT will be selected for the study. Participants will be randomly assigned to 35 Fr DLT size group or DLT size group according to the height. Patients in both the groups will be given the samepreoperative care, intraoperative care and postoperative care. Besides patient's demography, diagnosis and operative procedure; number of intubation attempts, modified Cromack-Lehane(CL) grade, size of DLT, intraoperative oxygen saturation SpO₂ and postoperative sore throat on day of surgery and first postoperative day will be recorded. Statistical analysis will be done using t- test for independent variable, confidence interval for outcome of sore throat, significance of difference for number of male and female; rates, risk ratio and odds ratio will be calculated using 2x2 contingency table. P ≤ 0.05 will be considered statistically significant. Our expected outcome is 35 Fr DLT are easier to intubate, does not affect intraoperative oxygenation and decrease the incidence of postoperative sore throat.

This retrospective observational study aims to evaluate clinical course of complicated community acquired pneumonia in children, particularly focusing on necrotizing pneumonia cases, as well as determination of etiological agents (viruses and bacteria) and its association to severity and outcomes of the disease. Furthermore, therapeutic approach, complications, short-term and long-term outcomes and the prevention of the disease are to be assessed. The study will encompass data from pediatric centers in the South-East Europe willing to participate in the study, encompassing ten-year period of time.