Measles

This study is evaluating the immunogenicity and safety of intramuscular administration of the investigational MMRVNS vaccine compared to intramuscular administration of the MMRV (Merck's measles, mumps, rubella and varicella) vaccine (ProQuad) that is already licensed for this route, when administered as a second dose in children 15 months to 6 years of age who were previously primed with a first dose of any combination of measles, mumps, rubella and varicella-containing vaccine(s).

RACSMEI addresses the high burden of infectious diseases in low- and middle-income countries, including Cambodia, where limited surveillance and laboratory capacity often obscure etiologies and transmission dynamics. This knowledge gap hinders the design of effective prevention and control strategies. RACSMEI will improve understanding across multiple pathogens using a multidisciplinary One Health approach. We will answer key questions on burden, ecology, transmission and population immune status to inform targeted and culturally appropriate interventions. The project combines a nationally representative One Health survey, social-science methods, and multiplex, diverse diagnostics to efficiently test for 57 priority pathogens, including zoonotic and vector-borne agents, vaccine-preventable and elimination-targeted diseases, enteric, respiratory, and environmentally transmitted pathogens and selected neglected tropical diseases and parasites relevant to Cambodia. Mathematical modelling will reconstruct and forecast transmission dynamics and assess the potential impact of future public-health strategies. By integrating intersectoral data and innovative methods, RACSMEI will generate actionable evidence for public-health authorities, support precision One Health interventions, and help reduce disease burden in affected communities. The project also aims to ensure the transferability of methods and insights to other countries facing similar challenges.

This study evaluated the antibody persistence of Chinese children five years after they received four doses of sIPV, two doses of MMR vaccine and one dose of HepA-L vaccine.

Exanthematous fevers are a global public health problem. The spread of arboviruses due to various factors, including climate change, has resulted in major epidemics such as the one that occurred in Brazil in 2024, representing an extremely concerning scenario from both epidemiological and healthcare perspectives. In addition to this, the reemergence of childhood exanthematous diseases in several countries, including Brazil, is alarming and occurs due to declining vaccination coverage and increased migratory movements. These diseases present overlapping clinical symptoms, and their differential diagnosis is often challenging, which, in a context of dengue and Chikungunya epidemics like the current one, may lead to underreporting of diseases such as measles and rubella. This project aims to build a prospective registry of the occurrence of dengue, Chikungunya, measles, and rubella in various healthcare centers in Brazil, in order to better understand the epidemiological scenario, identify clinical variables associated with different diagnoses, and describe healthcare bottlenecks that may hinder proper reporting and identification of these diseases.

The goal of this study is to measure the accuracy of a new measles rapid test when used in clinical health centres in several regions of Senegal. The rapid test will be used to test patients for measles who attend the participating health centres with signs and symptoms suggestive of measles infection. The rapid test can be used with a drop of blood from a finger, or oral fluid sampled with a swab rubbed over the gums. The rapid test will be compared to the standard methods of diagnosis in the laboratory using blood samples and oral or throat samples taken for surveillance purposes. The main questions the study aims to answer are: 1. What is the accuracy of the rapid test when used with capillary blood (a drop of blood from the finger tip) in health centres by non-laboratory health professionals? 2. What is the accuracy of the rapid test when used with oral fluid by non-laboratory health professionals? In addition to measuring the accuracy of the test, data will also be collected on whether the test is easy and practical to use and how best to record the results.

This study will be conducted among 1530 healthy infants of 9 to 12 months of age residing in the Dakshinkhan and Uttarkhan area which is located in Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC) to enroll the required number of participants. Only infants who have not previously received the MR and YF vaccines will be enrolled. The findings of this study are likely to have a significant impact on vaccine co-administration strategies for campaign and routine immunization programs. The participants will be assigned to one of the three groups by the central computer-generated randomization schedule. The numbers are defined for each arm (Table 1) based on the sample size calculation. A list of infants who did not receive MR and Yellow fever vaccine will be prepared before enrollment by trained study staff (TSS). The TSSs will visit households in the defined study area and ask if the parents/guardians of infants aged 9-12 months are willing to participate in the study. If they show a willingness to participate, the TSSs will check their vaccination cards (if available) and prepare the list of potentially eligible infants who have not received MR and Yellow fever vaccines based on their vaccination card status. The investigators will collect blood specimens (4-5 ml) at the time of screening (visit-1), to evaluate serological markers of dengue and Japanese Encephalitis infection and for baseline (pre-vaccination) immunological assessment. The investigators will vaccinate seronegative, eligible participants within 24 hours of blood collection. There will be additional three follow-up visits after enrollment and will collect around 3-4 ml blood from each participant during visit 4 (week 6), and visit 5 (week 26) for immunological assessment. Diary cards will be used to collect adverse events (AEs) following immunization (AEFI) data for vaccinated participants (up to 14 days for solicited and 6 weeks for unsolicited AEs). Medically attended adverse events (MAAEs) and data on serious adverse events (SAEs) will be reported during the study. All study updates including AEs and SAEs will be reported to the data safety and monitoring board (DSMB) and sponsor.

In Africa, the mortality from infectious diseases remains high. The investigators have discovered that live vaccines such as the BCG vaccine against tuberculosis and the measles vaccine can strengthen resistance to other infections: they have beneficial "non-specific effects". The investigators have now seen signs that these non-specific effects for children are stronger if their mother has been given the same vaccines. In Africa, BCG vaccine is recommended at birth and measles vaccine at 9 months of age. They are not used beyond childhood. The investigators will randomize 2400 women to BCG vaccine, measles vaccine, or placebo. The investigators will further randomize their children to an extra early measles vaccine or placebo. The investigators will assess which of the resulting six vaccination schedules are best for women's and children's protection against measles, for the child's immune system, and for general health. The project will be the first in the world to investigate the importance of vaccinating women with live vaccines.