Mental Disorder in Adolescence

The quality of parent-adolescent communication has been found to be associated with adolescent mental health. However, little is known about the association of parent-adolescent communication and adolescent mental health in the context of psychiatry inpatient treatment. This study aims to find out whether self-reported parent-adolescent communication quality at the time of admission to psychiatry predicts the treatment outcome in terms of symptom reduction 6 months later in an adolescent inpatient sample. It also aims to track changes in adolescent self-reported communication quality in the course of inpatient treatment and afterwards (2, 4 and 6 months after admission) to see whether improvement predicts treatment outcome, with treatment outcome being defined as symptom reduction to baseline. As a secondary endpoint, it will be assessed whether a placement of the adolescent outside the family was considered during treatment and whether self-reported communication quality at the time of admission predicts the consideration of placement outside the family.

The investigators are doing this study to learn more about how to prevent type 2 diabetes in teenage girls. The purpose of this study is to find out if taking part in a cognitive-behavioral therapy group, exercise training group, or a combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and exercise training groups, decreases stress, improves mood, increases physical activity and physical fitness, and decreases insulin resistance among teenagers at risk for diabetes.

Homelessness severely affects health and well-being and is particularly negative for youth. Between 70-95% of youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) report problem substance use and 66-89% have a mental health disorder. Youth appear to be at greater risk for living on the streets or being homeless than adults and are more vulnerable to long term consequences of homelessness. Multiple social determinants of health (SDOH) are uniquely associated with homelessness, driving substance use and adverse mental health consequences. However, limited research has identified pragmatic interventions that have a long-term ameliorating impact on the complex, multi-symptomatic issues among these youth. This study overcomes prior gaps in research through testing a multi-component comprehensive prevention intervention targeting SDOH that may affect biopsychosocial health indicators and longer-term health outcomes. In partnership with a drop-in center for YEH, youth between the ages of 14 to 24 years, will be engaged and randomly assigned to conditions using a dismantling design so that essential intervention components can be efficiently identified. In particular, youth (N = 300) will be randomly assigned to a) Motivational Interviewing/Community Reinforcement Approach + Services as Usual (MI/CRA + SAU, n = 80), b) Strengths-Based Outreach and Advocacy + Services As Usual (SBOA + SAU, n = 80), c) MI/CRA + SBOA + SAU (n = 80) or d) SAU (n=60) through the drop-in center. In order to assess the longer-term prevention effects on substance use, mental health and other outcomes, all youth will be assessed at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24-months post-baseline. The primary goal of this study is to establish the impact of a comprehensive intervention embedded within a system that serves YEH, a community drop-in center, on youth's opioid misuse and disorder, other substance misuse and disorders, mental health diagnoses, and other targeted outcomes. This study will offer unique information on the physiological and psychological stress pathways underlying change for specific subgroups of youth along with cost estimates to inform future implementation efforts in drop-in centers around the country.

Mental health disorders pose a significant burden on adolescent populations globally, often accompanied by sleep disturbances. Emerging evidence suggests that addressing sleep issues can improve mental health outcomes, while physical activity is increasingly recognized as beneficial for both sleep and mental well-being. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a novel intervention (SLEEPAC), combining cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), circadian treatment, and PA counseling, compared to treatment as usual (TAU), in improving psychopathology among adolescent psychiatric outpatients with sleep disturbances. Secondary outcomes include improvements in sleep health, physical activity levels, cognitive performance and self-esteem. Additionally, the study seeks to explore the predictive value of sleep neurophysiological biomarkers using high-density sleep electroencephalography (EEG), contributing to advancements in precision psychiatry for this population.