Metabolome

This prospective observational cohort study investigates the role of the microbiome and metabolome in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization. Biological samples will be collected from both female and male partners, including semen, vaginal, and blood samples, to characterize microbial composition and metabolic profiles. The study aims to examine how these biological profiles are associated with reproductive outcomes such as fertilization, pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth. Participants will be followed longitudinally, and reproductive and obstetric outcomes will be obtained through linkage with national health registers.

This study is a pre-post, open-label cohort study designed to investigate how a food-grade probiotic supplement affects biological measurements and wellbeing in healthy adults. Participants will take one capsule daily for either 1 month or 6 months. During the study, participants will complete online cognitive tasks and provide blood and stool samples collected during home visits by trained staff. The samples will be analysed to explore changes in gut bacteria and other biological markers. This study aims to understand whether the supplement is well tolerated and whether measurable biological changes occur. The study does not involve any experimental drugs or invasive procedures beyond blood sampling and stool collection, and participants will not be asked to change any current prescribed medications or treatments; with eligibility exclusions applying for recent antibiotics or immunosuppressants. The supplement is being studied for research purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease. Participants will be invited to participate in a follow-up visit to assess long-term effects.

The goal of this clinical study is to investigate if lifestyle changes can help prevent cognitive decline and reduce depressive symptoms in people between the ages of 50 and 80 with depressive symptoms or a diagnosis of major depression, but without signs of cognitive decline. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does regular physical activity improve mood and memory in people who are depressed or have depressive symptoms? * Does cognitive training help prevent mental difficulties in people at risk of cognitive decline? * Do changes in diet and lifestyle alter the composition of the gut microbiota and immuno-related infiammatory factors? Researchers will compare three different treatment groups to see which intervention is most effective in improving mental and cognitive health. The participants: * Will take part to online sessions on healthy eating based on the Mediterranean diet * Some will do regular exercise, supervised by a personal trainer * Others will do weekly cognitive training in small groups at the hospital * They will provide blood and fecal samples and complete cognitive tests and clinical questionnaires at the beginning, at the end of the treatment (12 weeks), and after 3 months.

This study aims to elucidate the differences in the gut microbiome functional activity and metabolome in adult premenopausal women with distinctive fitness levels and BMIs (with obesity, w/o obesity). The specific aims are as follows: * Aim 1: To examine the effects of acute aerobic exercise at 60-70% heart rate reserve (HRRmax) for 30 minutes bout on changes in the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria and their functional downstream metabolic activity. * Aim 2: To examine the effects of acute aerobic exercise at 60-70% HRRmax 30-minute bout on changes in GM-released SCFA concentrations in stool and plasmatic metabolome.

This study aims to investigate the microbiome of women with previously proven fertility who plan to become pregnant.