Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS)

Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS) is a condition in which an adrenal gland produces excess cortisol and is associated with high blood pressure, diabetes, and weight gain. Surgical removal of the adrenal gland (adrenalectomy) is standard treatment, but some patients continue to have metabolic health problems after surgery. This randomized study will evaluate whether treatment with tirzepatide after adrenalectomy improves metabolic outcomes in patients with MACS compared with adrenalectomy alone.

single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2 study to evaluate safety and efficacy of overnight metyrapone in patients with MACS.

The goal of this study is to learn how two treatments-adrenalectomy (surgical removal of an adrenal gland) and semaglutide (a medication used for weight management)-affect insulin resistance and cortisol regulation in adults with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS). The study will also learn how these treatments impact body composition, blood pressure, cholesterol, inflammation, muscle strength, and quality of life. The main questions the study aims to answer are: 1. Does adrenalectomy or semaglutide improve insulin resistance more in people with MACS? 2. How do these treatments change cortisol patterns and other cardiometabolic risk factors? 3. Do people with MACS respond differently to semaglutide compared to matched adults without MACS? Participants will: 1. Receive either adrenalectomy or semaglutide if they have MACS, or semaglutide if they are matched controls 2. Complete clinic visits and phone visits over about 26-30 weeks 3. Undergo metabolic testing such as blood tests, urine steroid profiling, body composition scans, blood pressure monitoring, muscle strength testing, and questionnaires about health and well-being

To characterize the impact of Isturisa on clinical features and comorbidities associated with MACS. The investigators hypothesize that patients treated with Isturisa will exhibit significantly better metabolic indicators (such as fasting glucose, HbA1c, and lipid profile), blood pressure, weight, body composition and bone mineral density than at Baseline. The investigators also assess the effect of Isturisa on quality of life and psychological symptoms in patients with MACS. The investigators hypothesize that treatment with Isturisa will lead to significant improvements in quality-of-life scores and reductions in depression scores compared to Baseline.

The aim of the proposed study is to estimate the incidence of Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS) in patients with Adrenal Incidentaloma (AI) and evaluate the available diagnostic tests to determine the most sensitive and specific combination of tests for assessing MACS from adrenal adenoma for prediction of the phenotype associated with cortisol excess. As well as following the patients for 4 years and see if anything changes.

This study will compare the efficacy and safety of the two 11β-hydroxylase inhibitors-metyrapone and osilodrostat-in patients with MACS. Primary outcome To compare the efficacy (biochemical and clinical) of the two 11β-hydroxylase inhibitors (CYP11B1), metyrapone and osilodrostat, in patients with MACS not treated surgically (mainly bilateral adenomas or adrenal hyperplasias), as well as their side effects at time 0-, 3- and 6-months post-treatment. Secondary outcome To evaluate alterations in clinical parameters (Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index-BMI), metabolic parameters (fasting blood glucose, insulin, Hb1Ac, HOMA, OGTT and lipids levels) at time 0-, 3- and 6-month after the initiation of the treatment and their effect on Bone Mineral Density (BMD) 1 year post-diagnosis