Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome

This study will begin to evaluate personalized preventative dementia treatments for Veterans at risk for developing dementia. The investigators will target Veterans with Motoric Cognitive Risk syndrome (MCR), which is characterized by slow gait speed and cognitive concerns (e.g., problems with memory or concentrations).

This observational study aims to investigate the validity and reliability of the Figure-of-8 Walk Test (8FWT) in individuals with Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCRS). The study will evaluate test-retest reliability, measurement error (SEM, MDC), and construct validity by examining the relationship between 8FWT performance and functional mobility measures. The findings are expected to provide evidence for the clinical applicability of 8FWT in assessing dynamic balance, gait performance, and cognitive-motor interaction in older adults.

This study aims to investigate the effects of cognitive load on gait and balance performance in individuals with Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCRS). Participants will perform Timed Up and Go (TUG) and tandem walking tests under single-task and dual-task conditions. The study evaluates cognitive-motor interference and dual-task cost to better understand early markers of cognitive decline and fall risk.

This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of neuroscience-based visual laser feedback map tests in individuals with Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCRS). The developed assessment protocol integrates visuospatial processing, reaction time, and upper extremity motor control within a single task. Construct validity will be examined through correlations with reaction time and proprioception measurements, and test-retest reliability will be assessed to determine measurement consistency.

The primary aim of our study is to compare the effects of neuromuscular exercise training versus structured exergaming program on locomotor and cognitive functions in elderly individuals with Motor Cognitive Risk (MCR), which defines the transition state between typical aging and dementia and mild cognitive impairment. This study aims to present for the first time the effects of neuromuscular exercise training and exergaming program on locomotor and cognitive functions in elderly individuals with MCR with comparative results.

Motor Cognitive Risk (MCR), a pre-dementia state characterized by the coexistence of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and slow gait speed, has a high prevalence among community-dwelling older adults in China and is associated with significantly increased risks of progression to dementia and other adverse health outcomes. Physical activity is the most cost-effective non-pharmacological intervention for slowing cognitive decline and the modifiable factor with the greatest contribution to dementia prevention. However, older adults with cognitive impairment commonly face behavioral challenges such as insufficient physical activity and difficulty maintaining adherence. Episodic Future Thinking (EFT), a novel intervention strategy grounded in health psychology and behavioral economics, has been shown to promote healthy behaviors by reducing delay discounting rates and enhancing future orientation. The goal of this randomized controlled study is to test the effect of EFT intervention in promoting physical activity among older adults with MCR.

1. To examine the effect of a two-week tDCS intervention of 3 months of continued tDCS intervention versus 3 months of receiving a placebo treatment (dummy). On the costs of performing an action task (dual task cost) walking speed, cognitive measures and motor function. 2. To examine whether the effects of tDCS build up over time by creating a delayed start mechanism in the intervention (delayed-start design) 3. Examining mechanical and neuroplastic effects of tDCS intervention 4. To examine the response to tDCS over time