mRNA Vaccination

A multicenter retrospective cohort analysis in Austria Primary Objective: To assess whether receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine within 3 months before starting ICI (Immune checkpoint inhibitors) therapy improves best overall response (mRECIST) in HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma). Secondary Objectives: Evaluate whether vaccination within 1 or 3 months affects OS (overall survival) , PFS (Progression free survival)), or TTP (Time to progression); compare outcomes by vaccination status, vaccine type, and prior infection; explore modification by cirrhosis severity and tumor characteristics; and assess safety (irAEs, steroid use, toxicity-related discontinuation).