Myopia

The aims of this clinical trial will test whether or not the onset of nearsightedness is delayed in a group of children randomized to nightly drops in 0.05% atropine in both eyes, in comparison to children who receiving nightly placebo drops in both eyes. The primary outcome is the two-year cumulative incidence of nearsightedness. The second aim of this project will determine whether atropine is associated with slower eye growth in children receiving nightly drops of atropine versus placebo.

This observational study aims to determine whether optical devices designed to slow myopia progression and/or environmental factors can prevent myopia progression in the pediatric and adolescent myopic population. The study aims to answer the following questions: 1. How does myopia progression change with age while wearing myopia progression control glasses? 2. How does myopia progression change while wearing myopia progression-control glasses when environmental factors, such as time spent outdoors and place of residence, are taken into account? 3. How does myopia progression change at different ages while wearing myopia progression control glasses given a family history of myopia? This will be a self-controlled observational study. Participants who are myopic after cycloplegic refraction will be prescribed DIMS glasses. DIMS stands for "defocus incorporated multiple segments," a specialized optical technology used in spectacle lenses to slow nearsightedness progression in children. Patients will keep a diary of their subjective symptoms and environmental factors, e.g., time spent outdoors and screen time. Patients will visit the clinic once every six months for checkups and the following tests: * Best corrected visual acuity test * Stereopsis * Automatic refractometry * Bulbar axial length measurement In a follow-up study, researchers will compare myopia progression with environmental and baseline factors to learn about the long-term effects of DIMS lenses on myopia progression.

The aims of this clinical trial will test whether or not the onset of nearsightedness is delayed in a group of children randomized to nightly drops in 0.05% atropine in both eyes, in comparison to children who receiving nightly placebo drops in both eyes. The primary outcome is the two-year cumulative incidence of nearsightedness. The second aim of this project will determine whether atropine is associated with slower eye growth in children receiving nightly drops of atropine versus placebo.

This observational pilot study aims to evaluate the adaptation and tolerance of Essilor® Stellest® myopia-control spectacle lenses in children with progressive myopia. The objective is to assess real-life compliance and comfort during lens wear, as these factors are essential for long-term therapeutic adherence and overall visual health outcomes

To date, randomized trials of low-concentration atropine eyedrops and specially designed spectacle lenses to slow the progression of myopia are limited in number and results are inconsistent in non-Asian children. Although results of some recent randomized clinical trials outside the US are promising, additional studies in children are needed to test the safety and efficacy of low-concentration atropine and specially designed spectacle lenses as treatments to slow the progression of myopia during the peak years for eye growth. After a run-in phase to demonstrate adherence with nightly eyedrops (artificial tears) and spectacle correction, children 5 to \<12 years old with myopia of 0.75D to 6.00D cycloplegic spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) and at least 0.75D myopia in both principal meridians of each eye will be randomized in a 2x2 factorial design to treatment with 1) nightly 0.05% atropine or placebo eyedrops, and 2) spectacles with highly aspherical lenslet target (H.A.L.T.) MAX technology or single vision spectacles, and followed every six months for 24 months. Change in axial length over 24 months and change in SER over 24 months are the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. All children will return for a visit at 30 months (after 6 months of no treatment other than single-vision spectacles alone between 24 and 30 months). The study is funded by the National Eye Institute, part of the NIH, and coordinated by the Jaeb Center for Health Research on behalf of PEDIG. Essilor International, a subsidiary of EssilorLuxottica, the manufacturer of Spectacle lenses with H.A.L.T.\* MAX technology, is providing the eyeglasses and financial support for the study. The 0.05% atropine eye drops used in the study are manufactured by Imprimis Rx, a subsidiary of Harrow, Inc.

Society has become increasingly digital, and many everyday services have been replaced by digital self-service solutions. This puts greater demands on our vision and our ability to interpret what we see. At the same time, the number of children with nearsightedness (myopia) has increased rapidly. In some parts of Asia, as many as 60-70% of students in seventh grade are nearsighted (1), and a similar trend may develop in Europe. Nearsightedness is becoming a growing challenge in pediatric eye care. High myopia can lead to complications that require early detection and prevention. There are now several ways to slow down its progression, such as special contact lenses, glasses, and eye drops (2). However, the scientific evidence for these treatments varies, and there are currently no national or Nordic guidelines on how to use them. In addition, myopia may have a major impact on children's quality of life. Currently, there is no validated Swedish questionnaire that measures vision related quality of life across all age groups in children and adolescents. To address this, researchers in the United States developed the Pediatric Eye Questionnaire (PedEyeQ) in 2019 (3). It is already available in English and Spanish and takes into account both the child's and the parent's perspectives on vision and daily life. The aim of this study is to translate, culturally adapt and test the PedEyeQ in Swedish children and adolescents, and to investigate how common refractive errors, especially nearsightedness - are today compared to 20-30 years ago. The study will include 300 healthy children and adolescents aged 0-17 years, divided into three age groups: 0-4 years, 5-11 years, and 12-17 years. Participants will be recruited through child health centers, preschools, and schools in the Örebro region. All participants will visit the eye clinic for a detailed eye examination, including: * Testing distance and near visual acuity * Measuring eye refraction (with and without eye drops that temporarily relax the eye's focusing muscles) * Imaging the retina using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) * Measuring eye length and corneal shape * Checking eye pressure and contrast sensitivity Children and parents will also answer questions about how the child's vision affects everyday life and wellbeing. For the youngest children (0-4 years), only parents will answer the questions. The PedEyeQ will be translated into Swedish following the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcome Research (ISPOR) (4) guidelines to make sure it is culturally relevant and easy to understand. The Swedish version will then be tested to ensure it is accurate and reliable. All information collected in the study will be stored securely and anonymously. The results will also be compared with data from a similar cohort conducted in the 1990s to see if vision problems have become more common over time (5). This project will provide new knowledge about children's vision and quality of life in Sweden. A validated Swedish version of the PedEyeQ can be used both in healthcare and research to better understand how vision affects children's daily lives. The study will also offer updated information on the frequency of refractive errors among Swedish children and adolescents - knowledge that is essential for developing preventive strategies and improving eye care for the future.

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the efficacy of myopia control lenses with different working principles in patients with intermittent exotropia aged 6 to 12 years. The main questions it aims to answer are: Are there any differences in the clinical outcomes of DIMS and DOT glasses between children with intermittent exotropia and those with simple myopia (without intermittent exotropia)? Do DIMS and DOT glasses differ in their myopia control efficacy among children with intermittent exotropia? Does wearing DIMS or DOT glasses affect the binocular visual function of children with intermittent exotropia?

Myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, with prevalence rising rapidly among children. Growing evidence suggests that environmental and behavioral factors play a dominant role in ocular growth; however, current studies typically isolate single components of the visual environment, such as near work or light intensity, limiting investigators' understanding of how multiple visual stimuli interact within individuals over time. The retina is continuously exposed to a dynamic "visual diet," encompassing viewing distance, illuminance, spectral composition of light, and temporal viewing patterns, as well as associated visuomotor responses such as eye vergence and pupil dynamics. A critical barrier to myopia prevention is the lack of longitudinal, quantitative measurements that integrate these factors in real-world settings during childhood ocular development. The long-term goal of this project is to prevent myopia onset and slow myopia progression through individualized, patient-centered monitoring and modification of the visual diet. The overall objective of this proposal is to longitudinally characterize visual diet and visuomotor behavior in children and to identify the most influential environmental and physiological factors driving myopia onset and progression. The investigators will conduct a 3-year longitudinal observational study enrolling 60 children aged 7-12 years, including myopic children and non-myopic children stratified by risk of myopia progression.

This study evaluates corneal epithelial thickness using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in patients with refractive errors. It aims to assess the relationship between epithelial thickness patterns and different types of refractive errors.

This clinical trial wants to find out if the Virtual Far-sight Reading Device can help prevent or slow down myopia progression in children and teenagers with pre-myopia. We also want to know what makes this treatment work better for some participants and check for any eye or body-related side effects over time. Main questions: Can using the Virtual Far-sight Reading Device reduce the risk of myopia? Is the device safe to use every day for up to 6 months? What we'll do: Researchers will compare two groups of children: Group A: Uses the device for reading/writing (at least 1 hour daily) Group B: Does regular reading/writing without the device After 90 days, the groups will switch to see if the results stay the same. Participants will: * Have free eye checkups 3 times over 6 months * Use the device during homework time (if in the desk group) * Report any eye discomfort or problems

This study aims to establish a multi-center artificial intelligence model for the accurate calculation of intraocular lens and its clinical application in highly myopic cataract, so as to improve the accuracy of the prediction of postoperative diopter in highly myopic cataract patients.

The aim of this study is evaluate and compare the mobility performance of children in daily activities while wearing single vision spectacle lenses (control) versus myopia control spectacle lenses (test).

The aim of this study is to investigate the area of the spectacle lens in which a subject is viewing through regardless of task being performed.

To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of deep learning network model in implantable collamer lens selection and prediction in a multicenter cross-sectional study

The goal of this study is to investigate the myopic control efficacy of two study soft contact lenses in children. Participants will be prescribed Lens A, Lens B or single vision contact lenses for the first year. Participants in single vision contact lenses group will switch to Lens A at 12 months. All participants will then continue lens wear for an additional 12 months. Their cycloplegic refraction and axial length will be monitored every 6 months for 2 years.

The goal of this study is to investigate the short-term changes in choroidal thickness and efficacy of the study spectacle lenses in children. Participants will be prescribed with a pair of study spectacle lenses for daily use and visit the clinic once every week for the first month for checkup and tests. After the first month of follow-up, participants will visit at 1 month, 6- and 12-month for checkup. Choroidal thickness, axial length and refractive errors will be monitored.

This project proposes to conduct a prospective, multicenter registry study in rural China to evaluate, under real-world conditions, the implementation effectiveness of an integrated child eye health service model centered at the county level and coordinated across county, township, village, and school tiers. The target population will include all children and adolescents within participating counties, and the primary exposure will be the annual coverage and implementation intensity of this service model. The study will focus on its impact on clinical outcomes such as refractive error correction rates and referral rates following eye disease screening, while also examining annual trends in disparities in access to different eye care services. Through long-term and systematic observation, the project aims to clarify the sustained effects of this eye health service model on improving the management of pediatric eye diseases, enhancing visual function, and promoting health equity, thereby providing evidence-based support for optimizing the rural child eye care system in China.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if photolithographic flat microstructure lenses work to prevent myopia in children. It will also learn about the safety of different designs of photolithographic flat microstructure lenses. The main questions it aims to answer are: Are photolithography flat microstructure lenses effective and safe in preventing myopia in children? Does the depth of tinted lenses affect visual quality? Researchers will compare photolithography flat microstructure lenses to a spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets to see if photolithography flat microstructure lenses works to prevent myopia in children. Participants will: Wear photolithography flat microstructure lenses or Spectacle Lenses with Aspherical Lenslets more than 8H per day for 1 year. Visit the clinic once every 3 months for checkups and tests.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if our research spectacles will lower the difference in prescription (spectacles degree) between the eyes in children between 6 to 13 years old with anisometropic myopia. Anisometropic myopia is when the difference in myopia prescription between the two eyes are more than 1 diopter. The main question it aims to answer is: * How the eye responds to the research spectacles over time by measuring: 1. Change in axial length: the physical length of the eye from front to back. 2. Change in cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction: an accurate measurement of the eye's prescription taken while the focusing muscles are temporarily relaxed with eye drops. Participants will: * Wear the study spectacles * Visit Essilor R\&D Centre and an eye clinic for follow-up sessions

Axial myopia is a type of nearsightedness that happens when the eye is too long from front to back. This causes distant vision to be blurry. Axial myopia tends to start during childhood and worsens over time (as the eyes continue to grow longer). This can lead to serious eye-related conditions later in life. The aim of T10430 treatment is to stop or slow this progression during childhood and therefore, prevent more serious complications. Animal studies using drugs with a similar mechanism of action as T10430 have demonstrated positive safety results. This study aims to better understand the safety and potential effectiveness of T10430 in children with axial myopia.

The goal of this observational study is to learn whether different types of eyeglasses prescription and different types of lenses change how close teenagers hold objects when looking at them up close. The study includes adolescents who are non-myopic and adolescents who are myopic and wear either single-vision lenses or lenses slowing down myopia progression. The main questions it aims to answer are: Do teenagers in these three groups use different average working distances (eye-to-object distance) during everyday tasks? Does wearing Essilor® Stellest® lenses change working distance compared with wearing single-vision lenses? Researchers will compare the three groups to see if their working distances differ. Participants will: Complete an initial optometric eye examination. Come for a second visit where they perform everyday activities while wearing a motion-capture system that measures how they move and how far they hold objects.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effect of intraoperative kappa-angle compensation on postoperative visual quality in patients undergoing small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) using the VisuMax 800 platform. The study will enroll patients with myopia and a kappa-angle offset \< 0.2 mm. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does intraoperative kappa-angle compensation reduce postoperative higher-order aberrations after SMILE? Does kappa-angle compensation improve postoperative visual quality and refractive outcomes compared with no compensation? Researchers will compare SMILE with intraoperative kappa-angle compensation to SMILE without compensation to determine whether compensation leads to better optical quality and visual performance. Participants will: Undergo SMILE surgery with or without intraoperative kappa-angle compensation Complete scheduled postoperative examinations at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery Receive measurements of visual acuity, refraction, higher-order aberrations, contrast sensitivity, and safety outcomes

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare two intraoperative kappa-angle compensation strategies during small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) using the VisuMax 800 platform in patients with relatively large kappa-angle offsets. Angle kappa represents the difference between the visual axis and the pupil center. In patients with a large offset, pupil-centered treatment may lead to decentration of the optical zone, which can induce higher-order aberrations and affect postoperative visual quality. The VisuMax 800 system allows intraoperative adjustment of the treatment center based on the measured offset, making different compensation strategies possible. The main questions this study aims to answer are: Does low kappa-angle compensation (50%) result in lower postoperative higher-order aberrations than high compensation (100%)? Does the compensation strategy influence visual acuity, refractive outcomes, contrast sensitivity, and subjective visual quality after SMILE? Are the measurements obtained from different diagnostic devices consistent when evaluating kappa-related parameters? Researchers will compare SMILE with low compensation to SMILE with high compensation to determine which strategy provides better optical quality and visual performance. Participants will: Undergo SMILE surgery using either low or high kappa-angle compensation Complete scheduled postoperative examinations at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months Receive measurements of visual acuity, refraction, higher-order aberrations, contrast sensitivity, and patient-reported visual outcomes Be monitored for safety outcomes and adverse events during follow-up

Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedure is a well-known procedure for the correction of myopia. The purpose of this research study is to compare the two SMILE procedures with different laser platforms (VISUMAX 500 and VISUMAX 800) used for the correction of short-sightedness. The VISUMAX 800 and VISUMAX 500 perform the same procedure, but the VISUMAX 800 is a newer platform. This study is being done to see if the newer VISUMAX 800 provides the same or better results than the VISUMAX 500.

The research project titled "A Comparative Study on the Clinical Efficacy, Quality of Life, and Cost of Use of Peripheral Defocus Spectacles, Frame Glasses, and Orthokeratology Lenses in Myopic Children and Adolescents" aims to evaluate different non-surgical myopia correction methods in children. It focuses on assessing the impact of peripheral defocus spectacles, frame glasses, and orthokeratology lenses on the quality of life, clinical effectiveness, and costs associated with each method. The study is a prospective cohort study involving 90 children aged 8-17 years with myopia ranging from -1.00D to -6.00D. It aims to compare the psychological, social, and educational aspects of these correction methods, alongside their costs and clinical outcomes over a period of one year.