Myopia Progression

This observational study aims to determine whether optical devices designed to slow myopia progression and/or environmental factors can prevent myopia progression in the pediatric and adolescent myopic population. The study aims to answer the following questions: 1. How does myopia progression change with age while wearing myopia progression control glasses? 2. How does myopia progression change while wearing myopia progression-control glasses when environmental factors, such as time spent outdoors and place of residence, are taken into account? 3. How does myopia progression change at different ages while wearing myopia progression control glasses given a family history of myopia? This will be a self-controlled observational study. Participants who are myopic after cycloplegic refraction will be prescribed DIMS glasses. DIMS stands for "defocus incorporated multiple segments," a specialized optical technology used in spectacle lenses to slow nearsightedness progression in children. Patients will keep a diary of their subjective symptoms and environmental factors, e.g., time spent outdoors and screen time. Patients will visit the clinic once every six months for checkups and the following tests: * Best corrected visual acuity test * Stereopsis * Automatic refractometry * Bulbar axial length measurement In a follow-up study, researchers will compare myopia progression with environmental and baseline factors to learn about the long-term effects of DIMS lenses on myopia progression.

The aim of this study is evaluate and compare the mobility performance of children in daily activities while wearing single vision spectacle lenses (control) versus myopia control spectacle lenses (test).

The aim of this study is to investigate the area of the spectacle lens in which a subject is viewing through regardless of task being performed.

The goal of this clinical investigation is to learn how much a new generation of myopia control lens (MCL1 - Myopia Control Lens 1) is helpful in reducing myopia progression in children from 6 to 14 yo. The main questions it aims to answer is: How much this new generation of lens, called MCL1, slows down the growth of the eye? Researchers will compare MCL1 to a former generation of myopia control lens (i.e. MCL2) but with better vision quality. Participants will: * Wear MCL1 on right eye and MCL2 on left eye for 6 months and MCL2 on rigth eye and MCL1 on left eye for the next 6 months; * Visit the hospital at 6 and 12 months for tests; * Answer weekly questionnaires on compliance wearing glasses, quality of vision and out-of-school activities.

The study will employ a randomized, controlled, investigator-masked paired-eye comparison design to evaluate the effects of two myopia-control contact lenses-MiSight 1 Day and Abiliti 1-Day-in New Zealand Chinese children. The study duration will be 6 months, with assessments conducted at baseline, 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. The clinical research will be conducted at the Auckland Myopia Clinic (New Zealand) and will follow a standard clinical routine for children with early myopia, the only difference being the randomizing of the MiSight and Abiliti contact lenses between the two eyes of the participants.

The Goal of the study is to evaluate the rate of myopia progression with open ring myopia control spectacle lens designs compared to a commercial peripheral plus myopia control spectacle lens (CML) in European children with myopia. This is a prospective, randomized, bilateral wear, double masked, cross-over clinical trial. There will be a total of 180 participants randomized into three groups, Group 1 - 60 participants will wear the commercial peripheral plus myopia control lens (CML). Group 2 - 60 participants will wear the Open Ring 1 (OR1) lens design. Group 3 - 60 participants will wear the Open Ring 2 (OR2) lens design. For each group, an equal balance of gender will be recruited and 50% of children will be aged between 6- 9 years old and 50% aged 10-12 years old. All groups will be required to wear spectacles for all waking hours for 12 months. After 12 months, the control group will continue wearing CML for a further 12 months; the Group 2 participants will continue wearing the OR1 lens for a further 12 months. The Group 3 participants will wear OR2 or OR3 (a modified design of OR2) based on their risk of myopia progression for a further 12 months

Myopic shift remains a debilitating and unpredictable adverse event following pediatric cataract surgery. While research exploring peripheral myopic defocus for post-cataract surgery myopia prevention shows promising results, the use of multifocal intra-ocular lenses (IOLs) cannot be used liberally in countries with high disease burden and challenged economies due to high price and decreased availability. To date there are no studies evaluating the use of topical atropine for the management of myopic shift following pediatric cataract surgery. The investigators aim to explore the use of 0.05% topical atropine in the prevention and management of myopic shift following pediatric cataract surgery.

This clinical trial is designed to assess the efficacy and safety of Atropine Sulphate 0.025% w/v Eye Drops compared to placebo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study for the management of myopia progression in children.

This is a conventional efficacy trial to validate the results from previous clinical trials for younger children; the 12-month efficacy results will be used to predict the 3-year treatment efficacy. This is a randomized, controlled (1:1), multisite, subject- and observer-masked, 2-arm parallel group study.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if contact lenses using Active Reconfiguration in Retinal Encoding of Spatio-Temporal (A.R.R.E.S.T.®) signal technology works to slow down the rate of myopia progression compared to single vision contact lenses in myopic children. The main questions it aims to answer are: Do contact lenses using A.R.R.E.S.T.® technology slow down the rate of axial length growth? Do contact lenses using A.R.R.E.S.T.® technology slow down the rate of increase in myopic refractive error? Researchers will compare contact lenses using A.R.R.E.S.T.® technology to a single vision contact lens. Participants will: Be randomly allocated to wear either contact lenses using A.R.R.E.S.T.® technology or single vision contact lenses. Visit the clinic on seven occasions over a 12 month period.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether the optimization of daily exposure to light in primary school children can lead to better myopia prevention and control. The trial also aims to better understand the impact of light exposure on sleep and cognitive performance in children. This trial has 3 arms namely, (1) a technical intervention arm, (2) a digital intervention arm, and (3) a control arm. 1. technical intervention - which involves changing of classroom lighting in primary schools to ceiling lights that mimic the spectral composition of sunlight and fluctuates in intensity. Parents of children within that arm will have a sham smart-phone application (s-LightUP) 2. digital intervention - which involves standard classroom lighting and giving parents an interventional smart-phone application (i-LightUP) that will be coupled with their child's light and activity sensor (wrist worn device ). The interventional app will provide individually tailored recommendation based on their children's behaviour (data feedback that is collected from the light and activity monitoring watch). The interventional app would then send reminder prompts/notifications to encourage parents help their children achieve required amounts of myopia-preventive light quantum target set per day. 3. Standard care or control group which involves standard classroom lighting and parents having a sham smart-phone application (s-LightUP) Participants will: * be randomised to receive either no intervention (control group), technical intervention (light intervention that mimics sunlight) or digital intervention (parents having an app that syncs with child's light and activity sensor which will provide feedback to parents to encourage and recommends increment of outdoor activities and hours). * have their myopia progression monitored every 6 monthly and cognitive assessment done once every 3 months over a year. * wear the light and activity sensor watches throughout the 1-year study period as much as possible (minimum 1 week per month) except for wet water activities such as swimming, diving and showering for research data collection purpose.

The clinical trial aims to test the effectiveness and safety of two low-dose atropine sulfate eye drops for delaying myopia progression in children and adolescents. Primary Objective: evaluate the effectiveness of 0.01% and 0.02% atropine sulfate eye drops for 96 weeks compared to placebo in delaying myopia progression in children and adolescents. Secondary Objective: evaluate the safety of two low-concentration atropine sulfate eye drops (0.01%/0.02%) in delaying myopia progression in children and adolescents. Exploratory Objective: 1. the efficacy and safety of two low-concentration atropine sulfate eye drops (0.01%/0.02%) for 144 weeks. 2. evaluate the rebound effect of two low-concentration atropine sulfate eye drops (0.01%/0.02%) after discontinuation.

This clinical study aims to evaluate the non-inferiority of the photochromic DIMS spectacles lenses performance (PDIMS) compared to clear DIMS spectacles lenses (DIMS) in myopia management.

This study is a randomized controlled trial of a desk and chair adaptation intervention involving primary school students and their parents or primary caregivers. We compared the myopia status of students in the intervention and control groups before and after the intervention to confirm the effect of the desk and chair adaptation intervention on the development of myopia in students.

The trend of myopia in children and its low age is a major social and public health problem in China. More seriously, retinopathy associated with high myopia has become the number one cause of irreversible blinding eye disease in adults in some parts of China. Physiological hyperopia has a protective effect on preventing the onset of myopia, and is one of the strongest predictors of myopia on its own, which is significant in curbing myopia from occurring at a younger age and preventing the development of high myopia before adulthood. However, it is not yet known how the physiological hyperopia changes in childhood, the stage at which the critical inflection point occurs, which key factors lead to the rapid fading of the physiological hyperopia and progression to myopia, and the strength of its effect. In the early stage of the study, the research group established a prospective cohort of preschoolers based on natural population sampling, which included a total of 2109 preschoolers aged 3-6 years from 22 kindergartens in a district in Beijing, and completed a 2-year follow-up, obtaining exploratory results on the changing pattern of physiological hyperopia and key influencing factors in younger children. The group will add new samples to the existing whole cohort sampling cohort and adopt the design scheme of prospective nested case-control study to determine the changing trend of fading trajectory of physiological hyperopia in school-age children, key inflection points and key risk factors, so as to provide new techniques for the prevention and control of childhood myopia.