Myopia; Refractive Error

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the visual acuity, wearability, and quality of vision with two novel multifocal glasses designs in habitual myopia control glasses wearers, in a non-dispensing study after short-term wear.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether the optimization of daily exposure to light in primary school children can lead to better myopia prevention and control. The trial also aims to better understand the impact of light exposure on sleep and cognitive performance in children. This trial has 3 arms namely, (1) a technical intervention arm, (2) a digital intervention arm, and (3) a control arm. 1. technical intervention - which involves changing of classroom lighting in primary schools to ceiling lights that mimic the spectral composition of sunlight and fluctuates in intensity. Parents of children within that arm will have a sham smart-phone application (s-LightUP) 2. digital intervention - which involves standard classroom lighting and giving parents an interventional smart-phone application (i-LightUP) that will be coupled with their child's light and activity sensor (wrist worn device ). The interventional app will provide individually tailored recommendation based on their children's behaviour (data feedback that is collected from the light and activity monitoring watch). The interventional app would then send reminder prompts/notifications to encourage parents help their children achieve required amounts of myopia-preventive light quantum target set per day. 3. Standard care or control group which involves standard classroom lighting and parents having a sham smart-phone application (s-LightUP) Participants will: * be randomised to receive either no intervention (control group), technical intervention (light intervention that mimics sunlight) or digital intervention (parents having an app that syncs with child's light and activity sensor which will provide feedback to parents to encourage and recommends increment of outdoor activities and hours). * have their myopia progression monitored every 6 monthly and cognitive assessment done once every 3 months over a year. * wear the light and activity sensor watches throughout the 1-year study period as much as possible (minimum 1 week per month) except for wet water activities such as swimming, diving and showering for research data collection purpose.

The objective of the study is to evaluate the short-term change in choroidal thickness induced by 3 prototype soft contact lenses for people with myopia.

Changes in retinal hemodynamics play a key role in the development of various eye diseases. Currently, mainstream hemodynamic evaluation techniques have low resolution and poor measurement accuracy, limiting their widespread application. Adaptive optical laser scanning ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) can capture retinal vascular images at the cellular level, offering the potential for high-precision retinal hemodynamic evaluation. This project will: ① innovate the AO-SLO blood flow imaging scanning module and acquisition mode, develop algorithms for extracting spatiotemporal signal features from blood flow images, and achieve quantitative analysis of retinal hemodynamics based on AO-SLO; ② construct an in vitro retinal hemodynamic measurement simulation eye, conduct multidimensional AO-SLO hemodynamic measurements, and establish an intelligent model for precise calibration of retinal hemodynamic parameters; ③ conduct AO-SLO-based retinal hemodynamic studies in high myopia, integrating multi-modal ophthalmic imaging to investigate the patterns of changes in retinal vascular structure and blood flow function in high myopia. Ultimately, a new precision measurement imaging technology platform for retinal hemodynamics will be established.

The aim of this study is to further optimize the surgical input parameters for patients undergoing Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) using the regression model established by the SMILE 4.0-VISULYZE system, thereby achieving satisfactory postoperative refractive outcomes. In this study, patients scheduled for SMILE surgery at the investigators' hospital will be divided into two groups: a conventional group, where the input parameters are adjusted based on historical experience according to the patient's refractive error, and a 4.0-VISULYZE group, where the input parameters are optimized using the SMILE 4.0-VISULYZE system. The investigators will compare the postoperative outcomes between the two groups, including uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical power, cylindrical power, spherical equivalent (SE), and the proportions of patients achieving postoperative visual acuity ≥0.8, ≥1.0, and ≥1.2 at 1 day, 10 days, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year post-surgery. Additionally, the investigators will evaluate the proportions of patients with postoperative SE within ±0.50D and ±1.0D, as well as postoperative cylindrical power within ±0.50D and ±1.0D, to assess the efficacy and safety of the SMILE 4.0-VISULYZE system in treating refractive errors.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the performance of a photorefraction screener in terms of sensibility, sensitivity and accuracy on children aged 3 to 8 y.o. The main objectives of the study are: * Evaluate the performances of the device in comparison with the gold standard, i.e. a tabletop refractometer. * Assess the agreement of the measures obtained with the device with those obtained with the gold standard.