Navigation, Spatial

The goal of this clinical trial is to test augmented reality (AR) based neuronavigation system in surgeries for patients of brain neoplasm or cerebral vascular disease. The main questions it aims to answer are: • AR based neuronavigation system can achieve accuracy that is not inferior to conventional intraoperative navigation system. Participants will participate the study after informed consent. When participants undergo surgery for their brain tumor, we will set up 2 types of neuronavigation, conventional navigation system and developed AR based neuronavigation system. Surgeon will plan and conduct surgery based on only conventional navigation system, but 3D errors at several selected points between two types of navigation will be measured and analyzed.

The primary study objective is to build a video dataset, consisting of both colour and depth information, of spine surgery that includes both 'open' and 'minimally invasive' (MIS) surgeries. Using accompanying preoperative CT scans of the patient's spine, we aim to develop a markerless tracking system for spine surgery, which the collected dataset will be used to both train, and then benchmark against.