Non-specific Low Back Pain

Low back pain (LBP) represents a common musculoskeletal conditions worlwide, causing substantial disability and economic burden. While traditional semi-rigid lumbar supports are commonly prescribed to alleviate LBP symptoms, their effectiveness remains limited by their static mechanical properties and lack of adaptability to movement patterns. Motorized lumbar support offer a novel approach by allowing the application of controlled decompressive forces while maintaining functional mobility. This experimental study aims to compare the effectiveness between a motorized lumbar support and a standard semi-rigid support in adults with non-specific LBP. Seventy adults with non-specific low back pain (LBP) will be recruited. Primary outcomes (pain intensity and physical functioning \[daily average\]) will be collected daily, while secondary outcomes (average pain intensity over the last week, pain-related disability, etc.) will be assessed at baseline, 3 and 9 weeks after randomization.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether a wearable biofeedback smartbelt system can improve pain and disability in adults with chronic lower back pain. The intervention combines a wearable belt that measures muscle activity with a mobile application that provides real-time feedback during exercise. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does the MMG-biofeedback system improve disability, as measured by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), compared to standard care alone over an 8-week period? * Does the system reduce perceived pain levels and improve exercise adherence in individuals with lower back pain over an 8-week period? Researchers will compare participants receiving the MMG-biofeedback belt alongside standard care to those receiving standard care alone to determine whether the addition of real-time muscle activation feedback leads to improved outcomes. Participants will: * Be randomly assigned to either the intervention group (biofeedback system + standard care) or control group (standard care only) * Complete an 8-week home-based exercise programme, all participants are asked to complete the programme at least 5 times a week * Use the wearable belt and mobile application during exercise sessions (intervention group only) * Receive a booklet with the exercise programme and video links (control group only) * Complete questionnaires on pain, disability, and usability at baseline and after 8 weeks, and at a 3-month follow-up * Have their exercise adherence and engagement monitored throughout the study The study includes an initial pilot phase to assess feasibility, followed by a larger randomised controlled phase to evaluate early clinical effectiveness.

The aim of this clinical trial is to study the effects of Pilates intervention versus conventional therapy on postural correction, core strength and flexibility in young individuals with complaint of non-specific low backache. The main question is whether the Pilates has better improvement as compared to the conventional therapy on postural correction, core strength and flexibility moreover to compare the effectiveness of two intervention. Participants of age 18-25 years and with complaint of non-specific low backache will be recruited. 50 participants will be enrolled. Participants will perform Pilates and conventional therapy for 3 times per week for six weeks. Participants will be randomly allocated to two groups and assessor blinding will be done to take baseline assessment. Assessor blinding is done to minimize biasness. Pre and Post assessments will be taken by the assessor. SPSS will be used for the analysis of the data.

Chronic non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) is a highly prevalent musculoskeletal condition and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Psychological factors such as fear-avoidance beliefs and kinesiophobia significantly contribute to pain chronicity, reduced physical activity, and functional limitations. Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) is a biopsychosocial educational approach designed to reconceptualize pain as a protective output of the nervous system rather than solely a marker of tissue damage. This randomized controlled trial aims to determine the effect of Pain Neuroscience Education combined with Core Stabilization Exercises on pain intensity and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain. A total of 62 participants aged 20-55 years with mechanical low back pain lasting ≥3 months will be randomly allocated into two groups: (1) Core Stabilization Exercises plus PNE (experimental group) and (2) Core Stabilization Exercises alone (control group). The intervention duration will be four weeks, with three sessions per week. Primary outcomes include pain intensity measured by the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and kinesiophobia measured using the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). Assessments will be conducted at baseline and post-intervention. The study hypothesizes that the addition of PNE will produce greater reductions in fear-avoidance beliefs and pain intensity compared to exercise therapy alone.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if two common physical therapy approaches, used alone or together, can help reduce pain and improve daily function in adults with nonspecific low back pain. Nonspecific low back pain means low back pain without a clear medical cause. The main questions this study aims to answer are: 1. Does hands-on pressure to painful muscle spots (called myofascial trigger point therapy) help lower low back pain? 2. Does a guided exercise program that focuses on how muscles work together help lower low back pain? 3. Does combining hands-on therapy with exercise work better than using either approach alone? Researchers will compare three groups to see which approach leads to greater improvement. One group will receive hands-on trigger point therapy, one group will do a specific exercise program, and one group will receive both treatments. Participants will: * Be assigned to one of the three treatment groups by chance * Receive treatment twice a week for four weeks * Complete simple assessments before treatment starts, after the first treatment session, and after the final session The results of this study may help physical therapists choose better noninvasive treatment options for people with nonspecific low back pain.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if knee extensor training with different protocols works to treat LBP in adults.. The main questions it aims to answer are: What are the comparative effects of open and closed kinetic chain knee extensor strengthening exercises versus lumbar stabilization exercises on lumbar curvature, postural control, and disability in individuals with non-specific low back pain? 1.4.2. How does open kinetic chain knee extensor strengthening affect pain, functional capacity, and lumbar spine stability compared to closed kinetic chain exercises in individuals with non-specific low back pain? 1.4.3 What is the effect of open kinetic chain knee extensor strengthening on pain, functional capacity, and lumbar spine stability compared to conventional lumbar muscle exercises in individuals with non-specific low back pain? 1.4.4 What is the effect of closed kinetic chain knee extensor strengthening on pain, functional capacity, and lumbar spine stability compared to conventional lumbar muscle exercises in individuals with non-specific low back pain? 1.4.5 What is the effect of open kinetic chain knee extensor strengthening on pain, functional capacity, and lumbar spine stability in individuals with non-specific low back pain? 1.4.6 What is the effect of close kinetic chain knee extensor strengthening on pain, functional capacity, and lumbar spine stability in individuals with non-specific low back pain? 1.4.7 What is the effect of conventional lumbar extensor strengthening on pain, functional capacity, and lumbar spine stability in individuals with non-specific low back pain Researchers will compare three different exercise protocols to a control group (will not receive exercise) to see if knee extensor training has an effect on problems associated with LBP. Participants will: * Exercise three times per week for 8 weeks * Be assessed before, 4 weeks after, and 8 weeks after intervention

Non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders all over the world and a leading cause of disability. It affects individuals across different age groups and is typically characterized by pain, stiffness, and functional limitations that reduce physical activity and overall quality of life. Among established clinical approaches, Core exercises are frequently used in the management of LBP, reducing pain and improving functionality by stabilizing the spine. However, despite their widespread use, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of combining core exercises with cognitive interventions, such as action observation. Motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) offer practical, low-cost approaches that can be easily integrated into rehabilitation programs. Motor imagery involves the individual visualizing the physical movement in their mind without performing it, while action observation involves learning specific movements by observing them. These techniques can strengthen the effectiveness of physical exercises by increasing neuromuscular activation. However, it has been reported that motor imagery-based cortical processes facilitate the reorganization of sensory-motor functions during daily activities in LBP patients. Studies in this area are quite limited. The effectiveness of action observation therapy, which is primarily effective in neurological conditions, has not been investigated in non-specific low back pain. Therefore, in this study, the effects of combining action observation therapy with a core exercise program, Pain, Function, Endurance, Kinesiophobia, and Sleep Quality in patients with non-specific low back pain will be examined. The study aims to investigate the effects of combining action observation therapy with core exercises compared with core exercises alone in patients with NSLBP. Patients attending Fizyowell physiotherapy and Healthy Services clinic who meet the inclusion criteria will be included in the study. This study seeks to explore the potential benefits of integrating cognitive techniques into a conventional exercise-based rehabilitation for NSLBP. To establish participant eligibility before the study begins, a standardized demographic data form will be collected from all subjects who volunteered to participate in the study, including gender, age, height, weight, education, marital status, chronic diseases and medication use, smoking, and alcohol use. In addition, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) will be used to assess the patient's mental state, determine the ability to understand and follow instructions, and identify cognitive disorders that may make it difficult to perform mental interventions. The Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3) will be used to determine each participant's motor imagery ability. Once eligibility is confirmed, baseline assessments will be conducted, including pain intensity measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), functional disability assessed using the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index Questionnaire, kinesiophobia evaluated with the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), core endurance tested through standardized endurance measures, and sleep quality assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). After the initial evaluation, the treatment program will be started. Advances in the treatment method specific to the groups they belong to are explained in detail below. Treatment: After the first evaluation, the core exercise program will be applied to the patients in Group 1, 3 days per week for 6 weeks. All sessions will be conducted under the supervision of a physiotherapist at the clinic. Group 2: Conservative Treatment + Action Observation Program. This group will have action observation therapy in addition to the core exercise program. The patients in this group will receive an action observation therapy for 6 minutes before each exercise therapy session. They will watch videos of 2 different activities, the duration of each video is 3 minutes, and they were recorded from 3 planes (frontal, back, and lateral).

Low back pain is frequently associated with increased tone and stiffness of the lumbar erector spinae muscles, which may contribute to pain and functional limitation. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive, safe, and widely used modality for pain reduction, but its very short-term (immediate) effects on lumbar muscle stiffness have not been clearly demonstrated. This randomized controlled trial will compare a single 20-minute session of conventional TENS with a control/rest condition in patients with non-specific low back pain. The primary outcomes will be change in lumbar erector spinae muscle stiffness (Myoton) and change in pain intensity (VAS) from baseline to immediately after the intervention. We hypothesize that TENS will produce a greater immediate reduction in muscle stiffness and pain than control.

This study tests whether an artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced telerehabilitation program can effectively treat chronic non-specific low back pain in college students. Low back pain affects 40-52% of university students due to prolonged sitting during lectures and study sessions, poor posture from laptop use, and lack of physical activity. While exercise therapy is the recommended treatment, many students cannot access traditional physiotherapy due to cost, scheduling conflicts, and location barriers. This randomized controlled trial compares three treatment approaches: (1) AI-enhanced telerehabilitation with automated video analysis and personalized feedback, (2) standard telerehabilitation with video instructions only, and (3) usual care. The AI system uses computer vision technology (Google MediaPipe Pose) to analyze exercise videos through a standard webcam or smartphone, automatically tracking joint movements, counting repetitions, and providing real-time feedback on exercise form. College students with chronic low back pain (lasting more than 3 months) will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups. The AI-enhanced group will receive personalized exercise programs delivered remotely, with the AI system monitoring their performance and physiotherapists providing guidance through video consultations. The study will measure changes in pain levels, disability, physical function, trunk muscle endurance, and quality of life over 8 weeks of treatment and 3 months of follow-up. Researchers will also evaluate how well participants stick to their exercise programs and how easy the technology is to use. This research aims to determine if AI technology can make remote physiotherapy more effective and accessible for college students, potentially transforming how young adults receive treatment for back pain and improving their long-term health outcomes.

This study will be conducted to investigate the correlation between the flexibility of hip muscles; hip flexors (iliopsoas, rectus femoris), hip extensors (hamstring), hip internal rotators, hip external rotators, hip adductors and hip abductors with pain intensity and disability level among patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain

Our primary purpose for this study is to investigate the effect of different positions during traction on pain, function, and range of motion in adults with non-specific low back pain.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the differences between the effect of myofascial release technique versus cupping technique on pain intensity level, spinal mobility and functional disabilities level in patients with NSLBP. Methods: The study participants were 60 patients from both genders diagnosed as NSLBP. Their age ranged from 45 to 55 years old. They were assigned randomly into two groups: Group A (MFR): 20 patients received MFR and conventional physical therapy treatment. Group B: 20 patients received cupping technique and conventional physical therapy treatment. Group C: 20 patients received conventional physical therapy treatment only. All groups received treatment protocols three times a week for 4 consecutive weeks.