Non-specific Low Back Pain (NSLBP)

The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to determine the effect of a psoas major muscle intervention on non-specific and chronic lumbar pain in cleaning professionals. It is expected that this intervention will reduce the severity and frequency of symptoms. This study aims to evaluate the effect of psoas major stretching techniques. To collect data, participants will rate their pain intensity on a numeric pain scale at rest and during maximal lumbar flexion. Secondary variables include lumbar flexion range of motion (ROM), assessed by the Schöber test, and hip ROM, which will be measured before and after the intervention using a digital goniometer.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether Sahrmann exercises or McGill exercises are more effective for reducing pain and improving function in adults with non-specific low back pain. It will also evaluate which exercise program is more effective in improving spinal range of motion. The main questions it aims to answer are: Do Sahrmann exercises reduce pain more effectively than McGill exercises? Do Sahrmann exercises improve disability more effectively than McGill exercises? Do Sahrmann exercises improve lumbar range of motion more effectively than McGill exercises? Researchers will compare a Sahrmann exercise program with a McGill exercise program to determine which approach produces better outcomes in patients with non-specific low back pain. Participants will: Be randomly assigned to either a Sahrmann exercise group or a McGill exercise group. Receive standard physical therapy treatment, including heat therapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Perform the assigned exercise program under the supervision of a physiotherapist. Attend exercise sessions 3-5 times per week during the study period. Complete assessments of pain, disability, and lumbar range of motion before and after the intervention. Have pain measured using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), disability measured using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and lumbar range of motion measured using a Baseline Bubble Inclinometer.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a web application-based exercise program (delivered via Physitrack) for managing non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) compared to traditional home exercise programs. The trial focuses on whether web-based delivery can improve pain, function, quality of life, and adherence, providing evidence for digital rehabilitation as a practical alternative to conventional physiotherapy.

Non-Specific low back pain (NSLB) is an important public health problem with a major economic and social impact. It is defined by the location of pain, between the lower rib margins and the lumbar vertebrae. Medical management of Non-Specific low back pain injury focuses on reducing pain and its consequences. Nowadays, no strategy has shown optimal effectiveness to improve outcome substantially. The ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a well-known intermuscular compartment block. In the absence of red flag signs, ESPB can be performed for low back pain to reduce pain, decrease opiate requirements and limit emergency admissions for refractory pain. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the ESPB in patients suffering from NSLB.

Chronic musculoskeletal pain of non-specific origin affects approximately 30% of the global population. Beyond its prevalence, it represents a serious health and socioeconomic problem. It is considered the leading cause of years lived with disability and is characterized by persistent functional limitation, deterioration of quality of life, and poorer mental health, with a high comorbidity of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, as well as a greater risk of suicidal ideation and behavior. From a socioeconomic perspective, chronic pain entails an impact of up to USD 635 billion annually just in United States (USA). In fact, spinal pain alone represents the condition with the highest direct costs (around USD 134.5 billion in USA) and additional indirect costs due to absenteeism and presenteeism, which impair productivity and work performance. These figures are expected to be substantially higher when considered at a global scale. One of the main aggravating factors of this condition is that in up to 90% of patients experiencing pain there is no identifiable anatomopathological substrate that reliably explains the symptoms (non-specific pain). Radiological findings are extremely common in asymptomatic populations, and making diagnostic or therapeutic decisions based on such findings, promotes overdiagnosis and low-value clinical cascades. It is estimated that up to 50% of imaging requests and 60% of spinal surgeries6 are unnecessary or unjustified. For this reason, Clinical Practice Guidelines recommend prioritizing interventional diagnostic techniques based on functional criteria over the interpretation of radiological findings, as they allow for more sensitive and specific identification of nociceptive sources (with a recommendation grade I-II). In this context, the motivation of the project is to study PENS as a non-pharmacological, safe, and transferable alternative to nerve blocks, reducing the risk of complications associated with the use of local anesthetics/corticosteroids and large-gauge needles. According to recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses confirming immediate analgesic responses, PENS could be a feasible alternative that maintains functional diagnostic and therapeutic value with a generally mild adverse-event profile and lower cost.

Non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) is extensively musculoskeletal conditions, where manual therapy techniques have been widely employed in its management, but their short term efficacy in chronic low back pain still need more investigations. Objective: This study aimed to discuss the SNAG versus Maitland techniques in the management of NSLBP. Methods: 60 patients with chronic NSLBP will share in the study. Sessions will be conducted 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The outcomes will be evaluated for pain by the numerical rating pain scale (NPRS), disability through Oswestry Disability Index, flexion range of motion by back range of motion device, postural stability by Biodex system will be assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at a four-week follow-up

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of two different Mulligan mobilization techniques in patients with non-specific low back pain. A total of 30 adults with chronic low back pain will be randomly assigned to three groups: (1) conventional physiotherapy plus hip internal rotation Mulligan mobilization, (2) conventional physiotherapy plus straight leg raise Mulligan mobilization, or (3) conventional physiotherapy only. The interventions will be applied twice a week for four weeks. The main outcomes are pain intensity (measured by Visual Analog Scale) and lumbar range of motion. Secondary outcomes include disability level (Oswestry Disability Index) and back awareness (Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire). The study will help determine whether Mulligan techniques provide additional benefits beyond conventional physiotherapy in reducing pain and improving function in people with non-specific low back pain.