Nutrient Deficiency

The objective of this research is to understand how antenatal multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) can be effectively implemented and scaled within the Uganda national health system context to support improved maternal nutrition and birth outcomes. Formative research has been conducted to design the implementation strategies that will be tested in this second phase of the study. The objectives are to: * Describe the implementation of the MMS intervention (which consists of MMS product, a social behavior change communication (SBCC) strategy, capacity building, MMS supply chain support, monitoring, and evaluation) and explore acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, coverage, and potential for sustainability. * Determine the effect of dispensing MMS in different bottle counts on MMS adherence and ANC attendance among pregnant women. * Determine the cost and budget impact of MMS intervention implementation integrated in the Ugandan ANC service delivery system

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if the Alii Supplement can be used to reduce symptoms related to nutritional depletion in hormonal birth control pill users. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does usage of the supplement increase happiness, decrease perceived vulnerability to disease, increase digestive health, decrease mood swings, and increase energy? The investigators will compare the Alii Supplement to a placebo (a capsule that contains no drug) to see if the Alii Supplement works to reduce symptoms associated with nutritional depletion. Participants will: Take the placebo or Alii Supplement everyday for 28 days and visit the research office twice to fill out an online survey comprising of items examining the main outcome measures.

Assess what revisional surgery is superior and provides the best weight loss after primary LSG. What is the occurrence of complications and the nutritional laboratory status? And if the resolution and /or improvement of associated medical problems after the weight loss will occur.

The goal of this observational study is to compare the nutritional intake among pregnant women with a strict plant-based diet versus an omnivorous diet. The main aim is to compare vitamin B12 intake. Participants will be asked to: * fill out a health questionnaire * fill out a three-day food diary * undergo blood sampling Researchers will compare pregnant women with a strict plant-based diet and pregnant women with an omnivorous diet to see if their nutritional intake is comparable.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of Benazir Nashonuma Program (BNP) on prevalence of stunting among under-five children in low income setting of Pakistan. The research question that the study aims to answer is: Is there any change in the prevalence of stunting among under-five children in districts where Benazir Nashonuma Program (BNP) is established compared to districts where BNP is not established? Districts where BNP is functional, and women and children are receiving the intervention will be compared at baseline and end line with control districts where conventional reproductive care services are given. Prevalence of stunting among under-five children will be compared along with other nutritional and growth status indicators over a period of 4 years.