Obese Patients

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding, Phase 2a study designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of KDS2010 in overweight or obese patients. Based on preliminary efficacy observed in the Phase 1 study, this clinical trial is being conducted in Korea. After a minimum 2-week run-in period, subjects who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be randomized to the treatment group or placebo group at a 2:1 ratio in each stage. Subjects will receive the investigational product for 12 weeks following randomization. The study will be conducted in three stages. Approximately 75 subjects will be enrolled, with 6 subjects in the KDS2010 120 mg group and 3 subjects in the placebo group in Stage 1, 22 subjects in the KDS2010 180 mg group and 11 subjects in the placebo group in Stage 2, and 22 subjects in the KDS2010 240 mg group and 11 subjects in the placebo group in Stage 3. The primary objectives are to assess the efficacy and safety of KDS2010 in overweight or obese patients. Exploratory objectives include evaluating the proportion of subjects achieving a weight reduction of more than 25% from baseline at Week 12 and assessing changes in MAO-B specific activity and adiponectin levels. Based on nonclinical and Phase 1 clinical data, KDS2010 will be administered orally once daily at doses of 120 mg, 180 mg, and 240 mg throughout the study.

Obesity is in constant increase all over the world and affects 35% of the global population according to the World Health Organisation. It is associated with other cardiovascular risk factors (particularly hypertension and diabetes) and with high morbi-mortality. It is also responsible for an increase of the risk of developing chronic kidney diseases (CKD). In fact, obese patients represent 25% of the dialysis population and Picardy is one of the most affected areas. However, their access to kidney transplant is still restricted and the reasons are not completely understood.

The goal of this observational study is to learn how bariatric surgery affects gut bacteria and gut-related metabolic products over time in adults with obesity. The study includes adults aged 18 to 65 years who are undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, as well as adults with obesity treated with diet alone and healthy normal-weight adults. The main questions it aims to answer are: How does bariatric surgery change the composition and diversity of gut bacteria over time? How are these changes related to weight loss and improvement of obesity-related health conditions? Researchers will compare people undergoing bariatric surgery with people with obesity treated with diet alone and with healthy normal-weight individuals to see if surgery leads to specific changes in gut bacteria and stool metabolites that are linked to better clinical outcomes. Participants will: Provide stool samples at scheduled time points over 12 months Provide blood samples and undergo routine clinical assessments Take part in follow-up visits to monitor weight, metabolic health, and gastrointestinal symptoms

Hypothalamic-chiasmatic tumours account for 5-10% of CNS tumours in children and can compromise hypothalamic function, causing alterations in energy balance and weight gain. In inoperable cases, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used; the latter, although the gold standard, is associated with significant neurocognitive and endocrine-metabolic side effects, proportional to the hypothalamic damage. The ketogenic diet, used for decades in the treatment of drug-resistant childhood epilepsy, induces the use of ketone bodies as a source of energy for the brain and is effective in controlling seizures. Among the different variants, the modified Atkins diet was chosen in this study to promote better patient adherence. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet (KD) in treating central obesity secondary to hypothalamic-chiasmatic tumours (gliomas, craniopharyngiomas, germ cell tumours, etc.), which often lead to excessive weight gain. This is refractory to drug therapy and lifestyle changes, such as low-calorie diets and exercise.

To evaluate appropriateness of enoxaparin bioavailability at two different sites of subcutaneous administration (arms or abdomen) in primary or secondary prevention of thromboembolism in a population of patients with severe obesity

Tranexamic acid is a promising option for minimizing blood loss in high-risk bariatric surgery patients, particularly in those with obesity, diabetes, and other comorbidities. When used appropriately, TXA can reduce the need for blood transfusions, maintain hemodynamic stability, and lower the incidence of complications related to blood loss.

Regional anesthesia is a technique in which a local anesthetic is injected near a nerve or spinal cord to block sensation, motor stimulation, and pain. In this study, an ultrasound-guided paravertebral block will be used, with careful consideration of all positive and negative factors and possible complications. A thoracic paravertebral block is performed by inserting a needle into the intercostal spaces on the back, approximately 4 cm lateral to the spine. Many studies support excellent pain control with this technique, during and after surgery in thoracic and abdominal surgery. Investigators aim to achieve faster patient mobility after surgery, rapid recovery of bowel function, reduced nausea and vomiting, and maximum pain control. The use of opioids, which can additionally cause respiratory suppression and drowsiness, is avoided. At any time in case of need to switch from laparoscopic to open surgery, equally adequate anesthesia and postoperative analgesia are ensured without the need to change the approach to the same. In this study, the basic scientific assumption (hypothesis) of the researchers is that non-opioid anesthesia with thoracic paravertebral block provides adequate pain control during and long-term after the surgical procedure, without the side effects of opioid anesthesia. The main goal of the study is to determine which type of anesthesia results in the best pain control and most significantly reduces complications of anesthesia and surgery in overweight patients who are scheduled for laparoscopic longitudinal gastrectomy and partial/total gastrectomy.

The veteran population is at increased risk for EAC and its precursor lesion, Barrett's esophagus (BE), due to increased prevalence of disease risk factors compared to the general population. BE is traditionally diagnosed only when patients undergo endoscopy with biopsies. However, due to the high cost of endoscopy and the lack of studies proving efficacy of screening, endoscopy to screen for BE is not routinely recommended. A simpler screening procedure similar to a pap smear would be an ideal way to sample the esophageal tissue for cancer and its precursor condition, BE. This study proposes a non-endoscopic detection method administered in outpatient offices which would increase subsequent endoscopic detection of BE. The study team will be enrolling veterans who do not have history of gastroesophageal reflux but have multiple risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma.

This clinical trial aims to investigate whether thoracic duct ligation (TDL) can improve obesity and lipid metabolism. The primary questions it seeks to answer are: Whether thoracic duct ligation can improve BMI and lipid metabolism in obese patients. The safety and feasibility of thoracic duct ligation as a treatment for obesity.

The aim of this study is to observe the effect of adjustable headrests on ventilation function in overweight and obese patients through clinical experiments, and to explore the impact on the incidence of hypoxemia during painless curettage in overweight and obese patients. Participants will be randomly allocated to three groups: the supine head-straight position group(Group A), the supine head-lateral position group(Group B), and the adjustable headrest group(Group C). These three groups of patients underwent painless curettage surgery in the daytime operating room and the occurrence of hypoxemia will be observed.

The goal of this experimental study is to observed the impact of telerehabilitation modalities in obese patient after a hospitalization on physical intensity at home (MVPA). The secondary aim is to observe the evolution of clinical parameters such as anthropometric data, adherence and psychological state.

TITLE: Randomized study conducted in a single center, with the aim of comparing the three main filling volumes of the intragastric balloon in overweight or obese patients (BMI \>27 and \<60 kg/m2). OBJECTIVE: To establish the efficacy and safety of the intragastric balloon inflated to different volumes in patients who are candidates for balloon placement for overweight or obesity. To date there is no well-defined filling volume and each Endoscopist inflates the balloon to a random volume between 500 and 700 ml according to the experience acquired, but without a clear rationale. DESIGN: All overweight or obese patients with an indication for intragastric balloon placement will be preliminarily examined by a multidisciplinary team composed of a gastroeterologist, surgeon, nutritionist, psychologist, radiologist and endocrinologist. Before each bariatric procedure, patients will undergo a psychometric and nutritional evaluation in order to identify any psychopathological conditions that contraindicate the operation. The enrolled patients will be randomly divided to be candidates for balloon placement: * 1/3 of patients will undergo treatment with an intragastric balloon inflated with 500 ml of saline solution and methylene blue, a space-occupying technique, which will be left in place for 1 year; * 1/3 of patients will undergo treatment with an intragastric balloon inflated with 600 ml of saline solution and methylene blue; * 1/3 of patients will undergo treatment with an intragastric balloon inflated with 700 ml of saline solution and methylene blue. All balloons will remain in place for 6 months, as per the instructions provided in the product technical data sheet. All the techniques described have already been widely validated by the scientific literature and are commonly used in bariatric endoscopy. Sample size: assuming a significant level of 0.05, to detect as significant a medium effect size (f=0.25) with a power of 80% performing an ANOVA model we will need to enrol 156 patients (52 in each group). Taking into account a possible 5% of drop-out at the enrollment, the total number of patients will be around 165 (55 per group). INFORMED CONSENT: Will be obtained upon first registration of the patient in the computer archive, as required by the hospital computer system, for access to personal data, which will be then used anonymously.

Obesity is a major public health problem that causes numerous diseases and problems that threaten human health. The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide in the last \~50 years and has reached pandemic levels. Similar results are seen in Turkey, and according to the results of the Turkey Health Survey, 20.2% of people aged 15 and over were obese and 35.6% were pre-obese in 2022. Obesity represents a major health problem as it significantly increases the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, dementia, osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnea and various cancers, thus contributing to a decrease in both quality of life and life expectancy. Obesity is also associated with unemployment, social disadvantages and reduced socio-economic productivity, thus representing an increasing economic burden. Obesity is associated with physiological changes at the muscle level, including a decrease in capillary density and blood flow, thus limiting the supply of oxygen and energy resources. Along with the limited blood flow, muscle cells in obese individuals have a decrease in the relative number and size of mitochondria required for energy supply. This leads to a limitation in upper limb activities. This activity restriction is related to many activities of daily living that involve unsupported upper extremity movements that lead to dyspnea and fatigue in patients with cardiopulmonary disease. Therefore, determining the strength, endurance and exercise capacity of the upper extremities emerges as an important issue in obesity management. One of the tests that serve this purpose is the 6-minute pegboard ring test (6PBRT), which has been found to be valid and reliable in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. However, when the literature is examined, it is seen that 6PBRT has not been studied in obese individuals. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate the validity and reliability of 6PBRT in obese individuals. The main question it aims to answer is: \- Is 6PBRT a valid and reliable method to assess upper extremity functional capacity in patients wit obesity?