Operable Breast Cancer

Recent advances in breast surgery, together with the increasing adoption of conservative surgical approaches, have renewed interest in pre-pectoral implant-based breast reconstruction. Within this reconstructive paradigm, surgeons may employ two distinct strategies: (i) immediate reconstruction using a direct-to-implant approach (DTI), or (ii) a two-stage reconstruction consisting of tissue expander placement followed by definitive implant insertion (TE-I). Each approach is associated with specific indications, advantages, and inherent limitations. The EXPRESSO study aims to retrospectively compare surgical outcomes between pre-pectoral DTI and TE-I breast reconstruction. By providing real-world evidence on these reconstructive strategies, this study seeks to inform surgical decision-making and to optimize reconstructive outcomes in contemporary breast cancer care.