Opioid-Related Disorders

Background: People with addictions often find it hard to choose the long-term benefits of abstinence over the short-term effects of using drugs. Researchers think this is partly due to parts of the brain involved in certain types of learning and decision-making. Researchers want to test these basic functions using a simple task with pictures and odors. Objective: To see if performance in a learning task differs between people who have opioid-use disorder and people who don t. Eligibility: Adults 21-60 years old who are willing to fast for at least 6 hours and smell food odors. Those with an opioid-use disorder must either not use for at least 3 weeks or be in treatment. Design: Participants will have 1 visit that will take up to 5 hours. Before the visit, participants will be asked to not eat or drink anything except water for at least 6 hours. At the visit, participants will be checked for signs of intoxication. Participants will give urine and breath samples. Participants will have tests of learning and behavior. They will look at shapes on a computer screen. The shapes will be paired with different food odors. The odors will come from a sterile tube placed under the nose. Participants will have their breathing monitored with a belt around the upper abdomen. About 30 days and 60 days later, participants will be called and asked about their drug use over the past 30 days.

The goal of this pre-pilot for the clinical trial is to develop a mobile health (mHealth) program called WINGS+++ can help women with opioid use disorder or other substance use disorders who have experienced intimate partner violence. The pre-pilot study will take place in Orange County, New York with n=7 women. . The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Does WINGS+++ lower non-prescription opioid and other drug use in women? 2. Does WINGS+++ help connect women to treatment for substance use, intimate partner violence, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? Researchers will compare WINGS+++ to standard care to see if WINGS+++ works better to lower drug use and link women to helpful services. WINGS+++ is a 3-session program on a mobile device that: * Screens for intimate partner violence, PTSD, and substance use * Offers brief support and referrals based on each woman's needs and preferences * Connects women to a peer navigator who helps link them to services Participants will: * Take part in only the WINGS+++ program for the pre-pilot * Answer survey questions about drug use, intimate partner violence, and PTSD symptoms * Provide biological samples (such as urine or hair) to check for drug use * Share information about the services they have used

The primary aim of this implementation-effectiveness trial is to examine the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) and patient-centered chronic pain management visits in primary care as interventions to reduce chronic pain, improve quality of life, and reduce opioid-related harms among chronic pain patients on long-term opioid therapy.

The overall objective of this study is to assess the feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of psilocybin-assisted therapy to alleviate opioid-refractory pain in patients with advanced-cancer. The name of the study intervention used in this research study is: Psilocybin (a tryptamine derivative)

This project examines functional connectivity patterns associated with subsequent relapse to illicit opioids during treatment for OUD.

Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is a complex, chronic condition affecting nearly 70,000 Veterans who can experience significantly reduced quality of life (e.g., poorer social, occupational, and health-related functioning). VA clinics providing Medication treatment for OUD (MOUD; e.g., buprenorphine, methadone), the 1st-line treatment for OUD, often face challenges in also attempting to treat Veteran functional needs, which may require them to extend beyond their available resources to provide support. There is an urgent need for functionally impactful and accessible treatments for Veterans in MOUD. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a well-suited framework to support the functioning of Veterans in MOUD with over 20 years of research support. However, the traditional practice ACT requires a trained clinician to provide weekly, hour-long therapy sessions (typically for 12-16 weeks) and may be too burdensome for MOUD clinics to use alongside standard care. Fortunately, emerging research suggests that mobile health interventions (MHIs; e.g., smartphone apps) can overcome many of these pragmatic barriers. MHIs can efficiently deliver functionally-focused treatments focused on Veteran functioning in "real-world" settings, through minimally burdensome and accessible formats. Currently however, no MHI's targeting functioning exist for Veterans in MOUD. The proposed study will address this gap by developing and evaluating an early prototype of a targeted smartphone app designed to enhance the functional outcomes of Veterans receiving MOUD called "ACT to RECOVER" (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Reach Empowerment through Commitment, Openness, and Valuing Experiences in Recovery). The study will occur in 3 phases: Phase 1: Development. Develop content for ACT to RECOVER using Veteran (n=10) and provider feedback (n=10). Phase 2: Iterative Usability Assessment. Conduct field testing (3 rounds, n=4-5 per round) to refine ACT to RECOVER format, acceptability, and usability. Phase 3: Pilot ACT to RECOVER in a Stage 1b Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Conduct a pilot trial to compare ACT to RECOVER (n=20) to a smartphone-based symptom monitoring control group (n=20). * (3a) Evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of each condition's app and study procedures. * (3b) Explore changes in functional (e.g., values-based living, quality of life) and clinical outcomes (e.g., illicit opioid use) which will be key outcomes in future efficacy testing.