Osteoporosis Risk

The aim of the present clinical trial is to examine the effects of everolimus, resistance training, or their combination on bone and muscle health formation in elderly women aged 60-75 years. The main questions it aims to answer are: Can rapamycin's analog (Everolimus), resistance training, or their combination, enhance bone formation and muscle functions in elderly women compared to non-treatment controls. Participants will be randomized 1:1:1:1 to one of the following treatment regimens: * Oral everolimus 5 mg once a week. * Oral placebo once a week. * Oral everolimus 5 mg once a week plus resistance training RT 1 hour, 3 times weekly. * Oral placebo once a week plus resistance training RT 1 hour, 3 times weekly. During the study there will be a total of 5-7 visits, where the participants will undergo the following: * Blood samles * DXA-, HRpQCT- (only Odense Universitetshospital) and MRI-scans * Muscle- and bone biopsies * Quality of life questionnaires * Testing of muscle funtion * Metabolic studies of muscle and bone protein turnover using labelling with deuturated water

The study aims to utilize medical devices, such as the Xtreme CT and XCT 3000, to assess bone and muscle microarchitecture for various pathologies. The devices provide crucial data on bone and muscle density, aiding in understanding fracture risks associated with conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and neurological disorders. Current methods like DXA scanning have limitations in predicting fracture risks accurately due to their inability to assess cortical and trabecular microstructure. The study emphasizes the importance of evaluating cortical porosity and trabecular volume loss, especially in conditions like post-menopausal osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Additionally, it explores the impact of neurological disorders, renal insufficiency, and endocrinopathies on bone health. Furthermore, the study aims to establish a control group to differentiate pathological changes from age-related variations. Expected outcomes include a comprehensive understanding of bone microarchitecture alterations across various pathologies and the potential to improve fracture risk estimation beyond conventional methods like DEXA scanning. Ultimately, the study anticipates facilitating better management strategies to reduce fracture risks associated with these conditions.

This is a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the use of a Virtual Health Assistant (VHA) named Osteo-Buddy in improving the knowledge of osteoporosis in older women.

Several cohort studies have recently shown a significant increase in the mean age of PLWH ( People Living With HIV) and in the prevalence of people in advanced age in the various cohorts, as a result of the marked increase in the mean life expectancy of these people achieved by modern antiretroviral combination therapies. However, the high prevalence of comorbidities exposes PLWH in old age to the need to take multiple drug treatments in addition to antiretroviral therapy, with the gradually increasing risk of unfavorable pharmacokinetic interactions between antiretroviral drugs and drugs taken to treat the comorbidities. This project consists of an observational, cohort, retrospective, single-center study and aims to evaluate the variation in the number and type of clinically significant drug interactions between antiretroviral therapy and concomitant therapies in PLWH aged \>60 years on stable antiretroviral therapy who, for any reason at the Clinician's discretion, have made a switch from ongoing antiretroviral therapy to the bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide regimen.

Fragility fractures increase among elderly patients worldwide, representing a global burden in terms of disability and care expenditure. Osteoporosis is asymptomatic up to the moment in which a first fracture occurs, reason why it is often underdiagnosed. Even after that, further fractures do occurr, as osteoporosis is often untreated. Several programs have been introduced worldwide to prevent secondary fractures among the population at risk (e.g., International Osteoporosis Foundation's Capture the Fracture), and several risk factors are being investigated to generate a predictive score. However, accurate validation is needed to make these scores reliable. In this retrospective observational study, we aim to validate a predictive score trained on a population of elderly patients with a cohort of patients who underwent hip fracture surgery in a high-volume orthopedic center in the Region of Lombardy.